Taking a Look at Medieval Education - 841 Words

Medieval Education Medieval education started in England and mostly consisted of the rich. There were very few people educated during this time, including the wealthy. People who worked in the church were the most educated people. Also, many who worked in the monasteries took vows of isolation and their work stayed isolated with them. The need for more education developed in the world of merchant trade. A lot of schools became known as grammar schools. Latin grammar formed a major part in their daily curriculum. Everything taught in grammar schools was Latin. Books were to expensive in the medieval so, the boys had to learn information by heart. Many schools were very small and only had one room for all the boys and one teacher. The teacher would teach the older boys who then would have to teach the younger ones. (Trueman, Chris. â€Å"Medieval Education.† Medieval Education. History Learning Cite, 2000-2010. Web. 17 Apr. 2014.) Very few English merchants spoke any other language like Dutch or Spanish but, they did speak Latin also. Latin was a very effective language for a lot of merchants. Lessons were taught in Latin. A lot of lessons started at sunrise and didn’t get done with until sunset. Usually during the spring and summer months, school lasted for many more hours, and the opposite for winter. Discipline was very strict, if you made a mistake you were beat or threatened with birch. It was often very painful so people never made the same mistakes again. (Trueman, Chris.Show MoreRelatedIslamic State And Boko Haram1664 Words   |  7 PagesHaram—as a radical and medieval version of Islam, these individuals are not wrong in a sense, but rather they are failing to notice that no ancient religion is peaceful or nonviolent. It is true that the beliefs that are held by members of terrorist groups are archaic, but it isn’t because the culture and system of modern Islam is medieval in its elf, but because the terrorists that are perpetrating these are attacks are modern fanatics of the olden days. If one were to look at another major religion’sRead MoreThe Roman Catholic Church in Medieval Times Essay1295 Words   |  6 Pages In the Medieval times, the Roman Catholic Church played a great role in the development of England and had much more power than the Church of today does. In Medieval England, the Roman Catholic Church dominated everyday life and controlled everyone whether it is knights, peasants or kings. The Church was one of the most influential institutions in all of Medieval England and played a large role in education and religion. The Churchs power was so great that they could order and control knightsRead MoreHistorical And Philosophical Movement Of The Renaissance1596 Words   |  7 Pageswritings and concerns of the medieval times through the emergence of humanism and free will, the revival of antiquity, natural philosophy and enlightment of knowledge. To understand why the Renaissance played a significant role in this transition, it is important to first consider how the medieval times differed from it. The medieval times lasted from the 5th to the 15th century and marked its beginning with the collapse of the western roman empire. The history of the medieval times has often been associatedRead MoreThe Role Of Women During Medieval Culture1272 Words   |  6 Pages The Role of Women in Medieval Culture Women were very important in medieval culture. They ran households, gave birth to and raised children, took care of business when their husbands were away and much more. Women had high standards that were placed upon them and that they set for themselves, much like the women and girls of today. Women worked for much less than men did, even though they worked as much if not more than men did. Noblewomen were occasionally educated. In all women were amazingRead MoreMedieval And Millennial - A Pilgrimage Of Meaning1386 Words   |  6 PagesMedieval to Millennial – A Pilgrimage of Meaning In the Medieval times, many Christians went on pilgrimages to venerate sacred objects or places. They traveled around Europe visiting churches and taking treasures with them to set at the sites they visited. During this time, there was an influential emperor who touch much of Europe with a renewing hand. Emperor Charlemagne built an empire embodied with the mission to unify the people, attempting to create one European religion and convert pagan tribesRead MoreA Womans Role in Todays Society1381 Words   |  6 Pagesact effectively upon on persons or things, then women could use power quite often and authority that one might assume was originally reserved for men. The problem is that discovering the life of medieval women is much tougher than documenting that of men. There are fewer resources available to trace medieval womens ways of life as opposed to that of men with equal stations at the time. Manorial court rolls will not reflect a womans private influence over her husband but rather just the legal mattersRead MoreThe Lost Tools Of Learning1396 Words   |  6 PagesSayers’ The Lost Tools of Learning, mentions medieval education tools as a possible substitute for the modern day education system. Sayers states, â€Å"if we are to produce a society of educated people, fitted to preserve their intellectual freedom amid the complex pressures of our modern society, we must turn back the wheel of progress some four or five hundred years†(Sayers, 1). The Trivium, a medieval education style would not only improve students education, but student’s ability to become criticalRead MoreThe Influence of Medieval Medicine on Modern Medicine Essay1153 Words   |  5 PagesThe Influence of Medieval Medicine on Modern Medicine The logic and principles of medieval medicine shaped those of Modern medicine. Never was there a more efficient method perfected, so much that it remained through history through so many hundreds of years. Today’s concepts of diagnosis, relationships with the church, anatomy, surgery, hospitals and training, and public health were established in the Middle Ages. In the Middle ages, the modern idea of society taking responsibility for itsRead MoreMenace Of Technology845 Words   |  4 Pageslaziness. Some native tribes have even demonstrated that with technology comes diseases like diabetes. Though technology is formidable and prominent in our society, I think we can find the solution to this severe misuse from history. If we look at the medieval era, we can see that they lived rather prosperously away from the grasp of modern electronics. Learning from their wise ways, I propose that we moderately cut back on technology and place an age limit on who can use it. This way, our youthRead MoreThe Importance of the Clergy during the Middle Ages1039 Words   |  4 PagesClergy What was the middle ages like? What were the religions they believed in? What was the* Medieval Feudalism like? What was Medieval Feudalism? These questions will all be answered and a more that you might ask. In these pages you will learn about the Middle ages and mostly about the Clergy, one of the most important and busiest parts of Medieval Feudalism.*First, what was Medieval Feudalism? Medieval Feudalism was when the King was the most powerful person who also controlled all the land. But

Generalized Anxiety Disorder ( Gad ) Affects Multiple...

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) affects multiple areas of an individual’s life. GAD may co-occur with other disorders, impacting an individual’s social, personal, and professional life. GAD and MDD are closely connected to each other, and may co-occur. However, they each have their own distinguishing characteristics (Blanco et al., 2013). Moreover, rumination is considered to be a process of repetitive and negative thoughts (Valenas Szentagotai, 2014). Likewise a person experiencing rumination will have continuous thoughts regarding their distress; however they find themselves struggling to make any changes (Valenas Szentagotai, 2014). This article sought to explore the connections between GAD and rumination (Valenas Szentagotai, 2014 ). People with GAD may have difficulty with their prospective, dependent upon the situation and the emotions they are experiencing (Fresco et al., 2014). In other words, their emotions may in essence control their responses and affect their ability to be flexible in a situation (Fresco et al., 2014). Likewise, for some individuals with GAD, they may prefer to worry instead of responding to a situation (Fresco et al., 2014). Furthermore, GAD may affect the frequency of nightmares in older adults. Likewise, Individuals diagnosed with GAD reported a higher amount of bad dreams than those without GAD, and the regularity of nightmares was also connected to depression, anxiety, worry, and quality of life (Nadorff et al., 2014).Show MoreRelatedStress Management Essay1503 Words   |  7 PagesLloyd, 2006, p. 72). Stress is a natural event that exists literally in all areas of one’s life. It can be embedded in the environment, culture, or perception of an event or idea. Stress is a constant burden, and can be detrimental to one’s physical and mental health. However stress can also provide beneficial effects; it can satisfy one’s need for stimulation and challenge, promote personal growth, and can provide an individual with the tools to cope with, and be less affected by tomorrow’s stress (WeitenRead MoreInterpersonal Behaviour Therapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorders3432 Words   |  14 Pagestreatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder The World Health Organization (2007) reported 14% of all people aged 16 to 85 years experienced a form of anxiety disorder. In Australia alone, 2.3 million Australian was diagnosed with 12-month anxiety disorder and the annual cost of anxiety disorders and other mental illness was estimated at 20 billion dollars (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2008). Given its prevalence, development for an effective psychotherapy treatment for anxiety disorder is imperativeRead MoreFreud s Trust Vs. Miss Trust Theory907 Words   |  4 Pageson the affect of mothers going back to work have been varied and have thus for lead to interpretations of the results. The mothers and infants relationship has a central part in a lot of theories on an infants trust development. Freud’s trust vs. miss-trust theory is an example of this. â€Å"Infants must learn to trust their caregivers to meet their needs. Responsive parenting is critical.† (Pg 38, Life span and development, Text book). Freud th eory focused on the importance of the individuals early experienceRead MoreAcute Stress Responses For Healthy Individuals May Be Adaptive And Typically Do Not Impose A Health Burden Essay1974 Words   |  8 PagesAcute stress responses in young, healthy individuals may be adaptive and typically do not impose a health burden. The relationship between psychosocial stressors and disease is affected by the nature, number, and persistence of the stressors as well as by the individual s biological vulnerability (i.e., genetics, constitutional factors), psychosocial resources, and learned patterns of coping. Keywords: psychosocial stressors, stress responses, homeostasis, psychosocial interventions, host vulnerability-stressorRead MorePtsd From Spine Surgery : A Research Proposal3497 Words   |  14 PagesMedicine 7/31/15 â€Æ' PTSD Resulting From Spine Surgery: A Research Proposal Study Rational Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an interesting disorder because it has an identifiable starting point and a variable progression which can be characterized by spontaneous recovery or worsening symptoms. Although the progression is interesting, I have an interest in the acquisition of the disorder. I believe that invasive medical procedures with and without anesthesia can produce sub clinical PTSD whichRead MoreNU 545 Unit 2 Essay10921 Words   |  44 Pagesactivating system. P. 454 - 3 parts of the brain: forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain - Expression of affect (emotional and behavioral states) is mediated by extensive connections with the limbic system and prefrontal cortex. - p. 456 The prefrontal area is responsible for goal oriented behavior (ability to concentrate), short term memory and elaboration of thought and inhibition of the limbic areas - p. 459 The cerebellum is responsible for conscious and unconscious muscle energy and for maintainingRead MorePatho-Phys Unit 2 Study Guide Usa Essay4997 Words   |  20 Pagesassociated with hyperthermia. 8. Voluntary measures people stretch out and increase the body surface area available for heat loss. People also slow down to decrease skeletal muscle work. They also wear light, loose garments to promote convection, conduction, and evaporation. 9. Adaptation to warmer climates Within several days of moving from a cooler to a warmer climate, the individual experiences an earlier onset of sweating, increased volume of sweat, and decreased sodium content. HeartRead MoreUnit 2 study guide8637 Words   |  35 Pagesactivating system (p.450) The Broca speech area is rostral to the inferior edge of the premotor area on the inferior frontal gyrus. It is usually on the left hemisphere and is responsible for the motor aspects of speech. Damage to this area leads to expressive aphasia or dysphasia (p.452) The Wernicke area is responsible for reception and interpretation of speech, and dysfunction may result in receptive aphasia or dysphasia (p.452) The prefrontal area of the frontal lobe is responsible for goal-orientedRead MoreOcd - Symptoms, Causes, Treatment131367 Words   |  526 PagesPublisher. Printed in the United States of America This book is printed on acid-free paper. Last digit is print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 LIMITED PHOTOCOPY LICENSE The Publisher grants to individual purchasers of this book nonassignable permission to reproduce the appendices of this book. This license is limited to you, the individual purchaser, for use with your own clients and patients. It does not extend to additional clinicians or practice settings, nor does purchase by an institution constitute a site licenseRead MoreNerve Cells9382 Words   |  38 Pagesbasic receiving stations by which neurons form the signaling networks that constitute the brain s circuitry. 2. AxonsAll neurons outside the central nervous system (and many within it) conduct impulses along hairlike cytoplasmic extensions, the nerve fibers or axons. The axons connecting your spinal cord to your foot can be as much as 1 m long C. Development of Neurons A. life span D. Kinds of Neurons II. Nerve impulse ConductionFirst, an action potential is generated

Belonging Essay Body, Feliks Skrzynecki Free Essays

Feliks Skrzynecki Belonging presupposes inclusion and an acceptance of self, satisfying a yearning to be something larger than ourselves. The subjective nature of belonging, however, suggest it is often far more ambiguous and complex. Belonging as a potentially positive force is recognised in the poet’s representation of his father’s connection to his Polis past. We will write a custom essay sample on Belonging Essay Body, Feliks Skrzynecki or any similar topic only for you Order Now The metaphor ‘where his father kept pace only with the Joneses of his minds making’, coupled with the simile, ‘loved his garden like an only child’, captures his father’s immersion in Polish culture and his indifference OR more likely his fathers pretermit to the world around, suggestive of a deep emotive attachment to his garden, which serves as a nexus of his agrarian heritage and ataration or stoic indifference to new cultures. This sense of contentment finds resolution in the tranquillity that shapes his fathers connection to his past, evident in the gentle meandering and lyrical emotive enjambment where the poet describes his father as he ‘sits out the evening with his dog†¦ happy as I have never been’, suggesting that a profound sense of belonging contributes to a positive sense personal identity. Paradoxically, however, Felik’s immersion into his Polish heritage inhibits his capacity to assimilate and contributes to an emotional and psychological rift between father and son. Did your father ever attempt to learn English? ’, this separation is reinforced through the use of direct, rhetorical question that is seemingly a personal attack, combined with the metaphor ‘dancing-bear grunts’ describing the man who opened the personal onslaught on feliks, indicative of a lack of empathy, as well as, hostility between Feliks and his immediate culture, suggesting that b elonging contributes to a negative sense of personal identity. Pegging my tents further and further south of Hadrian’s wall’, this infused combination of metaphor and historical allusion, evokes a sense that his inability to comprehend, as well as, his reluctance to assimilate, recognising the inevitable and inexorable process of separation that invariably accompanies belonging in the vacant space between two cultures. How to cite Belonging Essay Body, Feliks Skrzynecki, Essays

Type 2 Diabetes Essay Example For Students

Type 2 Diabetes Essay Type 2 Diabetes Essay is a chronic illness that is a result of the bodys insulin not functioning correctly. It was formerly called adult-onset or insulin-dependent. It is also the most common kind of diabetes accounting for about 90 percent of all diabetes cases. Type 2 diabetes can also cause obesity and high cholesterol. About 6 percent of the population suffers from diabetes while about one-third of those who do have it, do not know about it. Insulin is a chemical that is released by the body to control blood sugar levels. It allows glucose to enter cells where it is used for daily functions. When blood glucose cannot be absorbed into cells, the energy cannot be expended and is then expelled through the kidneys. It starts as some of the bodys cells develop a resistance to insulin. This causes the liver to function without control, so it continues to release glucose. Without the cells picking up glucose high levels of glucose in the blood persist, which is a condition called hyperglycemia. Some symptoms are excessive thirst, urinating frequently, and hunger. Fatigue can also be a sign of diabetes. Diabetic ketonacidoses can also occur in people with type 2 diabetes. This is when the cells do not get enough glucose and begin to burn fat. When the cells burn fat for energy it results in the release of waste products, know as ketones. High levels of ketones in the body can produce large amounts of acid, and if not tended to, will cause a person to go into a coma or can possibly be fatal. Diabetes is usually diagnosed by testing blood glucose levels. These tests tell doctors if the body is using insulin correctly by detecting how much glucose stays in the blood stream. Most doctors recommend daily exercise and strict diets to treat type 2 diabetes. Medication is also an option for those who cannot overcome diabetes with just diet and exercise. There is no single cause of type 2 diabetes but there are many contributing factors that can put one person at risk for the disease. These include being over age 40, being overweight, and have a family member who suffers from diabetes. Also descendents from Hispanic, Asian, and African heritage are also at greater risk. Canadian Diabetes Association http://www.diabetes.ca/Section_About/FactsIndex.asp MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia http://www.nlm. nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000313.htm .

Plastic Surgery Gone Wrong free essay sample

Abstract Throughout the paper a complete argument as to why people should not get cosmetic surgery will be explained. Starting with the history of cosmetic surgery and why it is around, leading into the basis of the argument and an explanation of the definitions that need to be defined. After the basics then there will be a case study that goes into the different types of dangers that occur from different types of cosmetic surgery (another definition for plastic surgery). Finishing the paper with statistics and one more case study that will further explain the point of why others should avoid having their body altered. All the history and background information comes from different history sites, the dangers and statistics come from medical sites and the cosmetic surgery gone wrong stories come from different news papers in the last six years. Cosmetic Surgery Gone Wrong The human race has an unrealistic expectation for physical perfection. We will write a custom essay sample on Plastic Surgery Gone Wrong or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Physical perfection is that model we see in the magazine or the actors that are on the television. Physical perfection is never having a blemish, or bad hair day, or being over a size six. Physical perfection is never having a scar, until you go under the knife and that hope for physical perfection is destroyed by the scar that is always left. Cosmetic surgery has been around for hundreds of years, through ancient times, the middle ages, the renaissance, and through the world wars. The only things about cosmetic surgery that have changed are the ways surgeons go about doing the procedures (Beautiful Body: A History of Plastic Surgery). Cosmetic surgery, things like, Botox, breast augmentation, nose jobs, liposuction, and face lifts, might sound good in theory, but in reality the risks of going under the knife far outweigh the rewards. Cosmetic surgery should not be an option to everybody, but only an option in very severe cases. To explain, medically necessary cosmetic surgery should be allowed. What constitutes as medically necessary are cases like burn victims, health issues occurring due to large breasts, and accidents that leave people with mutilated faces or other parts of the body. What should not be allowed is elective surgery, which is what people who want to get nose jobs or face lifts and Botox get just because they think it will make them achieve that idea of physical perfection. One of the most recent cases of an extreme cosmetic surgery disaster was back in June of 2011. A woman named Maria Shortall died in Weston, Florida after a liposuction procedure went in an unplanned direction. The procedure caused 22 different incisions and the woman was, for the most part, in a very healthy state, she should not have died at the age of 38 years old. As a result of this woman’s death, her daughter lost a mother, and the lives of a lot of people were altered because of a minor surgery that was not necessary and could have been avoided (abc News). Besides death, there are numerous different risks to having a cosmetic procedure done. The most common risk to cosmetic surgery is scarring. When you go to have a major procedure done, you are going to have a scar, this happens because you are having a knife cutting up your skin, and it will not heal all the way. Another risk to having a procedure done is a chance of getting seromas. Seromas is defined as the accumulation of tissue fluid, instead of blood. Also, infection is quite possible after getting surgery done. The hours after the surgery, your body is more open to getting infections since your it is left exposed from the wound, and bacteria is able to get in through the wound easier. Other possible risks of getting cosmetic surgery can include bleeding, necrosis- the death of tissues-, nerve damage, and there is also a risk of having a bad reaction to the anesthesia after the surgery or during (buzzle. om). In March of 2007, a middle aged woman, named Kay Cregan died of complications from having a face-lift and a nose job done at the age of 42 years old. Cregan was said to look older than her real age, and it was making her lose her self confidence and decided to fly into New York to have a face-lift and nose job done to help her look older. She ended up not making it through the surgery and never returned home to her family (Daily News: From dream to nigh tmare: Cosmetic surgery disasters). Besides the physical risks of undergoing cosmetic surgery, there are still emotional and mental risks. Depression plays a major role in cosmetic surgery. People have this preconceived idea that having cosmetic surgery will help them to give them the look that they have always wanted, and when they go through the surgery, they go in expecting way too much. If the surgery goes wrong, and things do not go the way the patient expects them to go that patient can then slip into depression (Business and Health: The Dangers of Plastic Surgery). Along with depression, people, mainly women, become addicted to plastic surgery. According to Yahoo! Voices, two-thirds of plastic surgery patients are repeat patients that come in more than once to have more work done. Women become obsessed with having the perfect body and they continue to find things to operate on repeatedly, and a lot of these people are said to have body dysmorphic disorder which makes that person think that they are ugly (Yahoo! Voice). Social factors can help to enhance a person’s addiction to surgery. Young women see on television all the time that these beautiful people are having cosmetic surgery done, and they think that since these seemingly beautiful women who are famous are getting it done, then that must mean that they are not good enough and need to get the surgery done as well (treatment4addiction. com). Michael Jackson, one of the most famous men to walk the plant in the 20th century, is a huge example for addiction to plastic surgery. Michael Jackson had an addiction to getting cosmetic surgery and had his nose worked on numerous times until there was barely anything left and had to get something new completely designed (People. Inside story: Michael Jackson’s Plastic Surgery). Taking a chance with cosmetic surgery can lead to a number of different disasters. Why would you want to take the risk if it is not necessary to? Love yourself the way you are, and embrace the person you are. You do not need to live up to that idea of physical perfection. You do not need to be that model in the magazine or the actress on the television. Cosmetic surgery is a major risk if it is not medically necessary. Love your life enough to want to protect it.

USS Wyoming (BB-32) - US Navy

USS Wyoming (BB-32) - US Navy USS Wyoming  (BB-32) - Overview: Nation:  United States Type:  Battleship Shipyard:  William Cramp Sons, Philadelphia, PA Laid Down:  February 9, 1910 Launched:  May 25, 1911 Commissioned:  September 25, 1912 Fate:  Sold for Scrap USS Wyoming  (BB-32) - Specifications: Displacement:  26,000  tons Length:  562 ft. Beam:  93.1 ft. Draft:  28.5 ft. Propulsion:  12  Babcock and Wilcox  coal-fired boilers  with oil spray, 4-shaft  Parsons  direct-drive  steam turbines Speed:  20.5  knots Complement:  1,063  men​ Armament: 12 Ãâ€"  12-inch/50 caliber Mark 7  guns21 Ãâ€"  5/51 caliber guns2 Ãâ€" 21  torpedo tubes ​USS Wyoming  (BB-32) - Design: Originating at the 1908 Newport Conference, the Wyoming-class of battleship represented the US Navys fourth type of dreadnought after the earlier  -,  -, and  -classes.   The initial design came about through war games and discussions as the preceding classes had not yet entered service.   Key among the conferences conclusions was the need for increasingly larger calibers of main armament.   Through the latter part of 1908, debate ensued over the layout and armament of the new class with various configurations being considered.   On March 30, 1909, Congress approved construction of two Design 601 battleships.   This design called for a ship approximately 20% larger than the  Florida-class and mounting twelve 12 guns.    Designated USS Wyoming  (BB-32) and USS  Arkansas  (BB-33), the two ships of the new class were powered by twelve Babcock and Wilcox coal-fired boilers with direct drive turbines turning four propellers.   Layout of the main armament saw the twelve 12 guns spread through six twin turrets in  superfiring (one firing over the other) pairs forward, amidships, and aft.   To support the main battery, designers added twenty-one 5 guns with the majority mounted in individual casemates below the main deck. In addition, the battleships carried two 21 torpedo tubes.   For protection, the Wyoming-class possessed a main armor belt eleven inches thick.    Assigned to William Cramp Sons in Philadelphia, work commenced on  Wyoming  on February 9, 1910.   Moving ahead over the next fifteen months, the new battleship slid down the ways May 25, 1911, with Dorothy Knight, daughter of Wyoming Supreme Court Chief Justice Jesse Knight, serving as sponsor.   With the completion of construction,  Wyoming  shifted to the Philadelphia Navy Yard where it entered commission on September 25, 1912, with Captain Frederick L. Chapin in command.   Steaming north, the new battleship finished final fitting out at the New York Navy Yard before sailing to join the Atlantic Fleet. USS Wyoming (BB-32) - Early Service: Arriving at Hampton Roads on December 30,  Wyoming became flagship for Rear Admiral Charles J. Badger, commander of the Atlantic Fleet.   Departing the following week, the battleship steamed south to the Panama Canal construction site before conducting exercises off Cuba.   Returning north in March,  Wyoming  underwent minor repairs before returning to the fleet.   The remainder of the year saw the battleship engaged in routine peacetime activities until October when it sailed for the Mediterranean to make goodwill visits to  Malta, Italy, and France.   Returning home in December, Wyoming entered the yard at New York for a brief overhaul before joining the Atlantic Fleet off Cuba for winter maneuvers the following month. In May 1914, Wyoming steamed south with a contingent of troops to support the US occupation of Veracruz which had commenced a few weeks earlier.   Remaining in the area, the battleship assisted operations  relating to the occupation into the fall.   Following repairs at New York, Wyoming spent the next two years following the  US Navys standard cycle of maneuvers in  northern waters during the summer and  in the Caribbean  in the winter.   Having completed exercises off Cuba in late March 1917, the battleship found itself off  Yorktown, VA when word arrived that the United States had declared war on Germany  and entered World War I. USS Wyoming (BB-32) - World War I: For the next seven months, Wyoming operated in the Chesapeake training engineers for the fleet.   That fall, the battleship received orders to join USS New York (BB-34), USS Florida (BB-30), and USS Delaware (BB-28) in Battleship Division 9.   Led by Rear Admiral Hugh Rodman, this formation departed in November to reinforce Admiral Sir David Beattys British Grand Fleet at Scapa Flow.   Arriving in  December, the force was redesignated the 6th Battle Squadron.   Commencing combat operations in February 1918, the American ships aided in protecting convoys bound for Norway. Continuing similar operations through the year, Wyoming became the squadrons flagship in October after New York collided with a German U-boat.   With the conflicts end in November, the battleship sortied with the Grand Fleet on the 21st to escort the German High Seas Fleet into internment at Scapa Flow.   On December  12, Wyoming,  carrying new squadron commander Rear  Admiral William Sims, sailed for  France where it rendezvoused with SS George Washington which was transporting President Woodrow Wilson to the peace conference at Versailles.   Following a brief port call in Britain, the battleship left European waters and arrived  at New York on Christmas Day. USS Wyoming (BB-32) - Postwar Years: Briefly serving as flagship of Battleship Division 7, Wyoming aided in directing a flight Curtiss NC-1 flying  boats on a trans-Atlantic flight in May 1919.   Entering Norfolk Navy Yard in July, the battleship underwent a  modernization program in anticipation of its transfer to the Pacific.   Designated flagship of the Pacific Fleets Battleship Division 6, Wyoming departed for the West Coast later that summer and arrived at San Diego on August 6.   Conducting maneuvers through the following year, the battleship then cruised to  Valparaiso, Chile in early 1921.   Transferred back to the Atlantic  that August, Wyoming  embarked the Atlantic Fleets commander Admiral Hilary P. Jones.   Over the next six years, the  vessel resumed its previous cycle of peacetime training which was only punctuated by a European cruise in 1924 which included  visits to Britain, the  Netherlands, Gibraltar, and the Azores. In 1927, Wyoming arrived at the Philadelphia Navy Yard  for an extensive  modernization.  Ã‚   This saw the addition of anti-torpedo bulges, the installation of new oil-fired boilers, as well as some alterations to the superstructure.  Ã‚  Completing a shakedown cruise in December, Wyoming became flagship of Vice Admiral Ashley Robertsons Scouting Fleet.   In this role for three years, it also aided in training NROTC detachments from several universities.   After brief service with Battleship Division 2, the aging Wyoming was  pulled  from frontline service and assigned to Rear Admiral Harley H. Christys Training Squadron.   Placed in reduced commission in January 1931,  efforts commenced to demilitarize the battleship in accordance with the London Naval  Treaty.   This saw the anti-torpedo bulges,  half the main battery, and the ships side armor removed. USS Wyoming (BB-32) - Training Ship: Brought back to active service in May, Wyoming embarked a contingent of midshipmen from the US Naval Academy and NROTC cadets for a training cruise to  Europe and the Caribbean.   Redesignated AG-17 in August, the former battleship spent the next five years in a training role.   In 1937, while taking part in amphibious assault exercise off California, a 5 shell accidently exploded killing six and wounding eleven.   Later that year, Wyoming conducted a goodwill call to Kiel, Germany where its crew  visited the pocket battleship Admiral Graf Spee.   With the beginning of World War II in Europe in September 1939, the ship assumed a place in the Atlantic  Naval Reserve Force.   Two years later,  Wyoming  commenced conversion into a gunnery training ship. Beginning this duty in November 1941, Wyoming  was operating off Platts Bank when word was received of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.   As the US Navy expanded to meet the demands of a two-ocean  war, the old battleship remained engaged in training gunners for the fleet.   Earning the nickname Chesapeake Raider for its frequent appearances in the bay, Wyoming  continued in this duty until January 1944.   Entering the yard at Norfolk, it commenced a modernization which saw the removal of its remaining 12 guns and the conversion of the turrets into single and  dual mounts for 5  guns.   Resuming its training mission in April, Wyoming remained in this role until June 30, 1945.   Ordered north it joined the Operational Development Force and  aided in devising tactics to combat Japanese kamikazes. With the end of the war, Wyoming continued to operate with this force.   Ordered to  Norfolk in 1947, it arrived on July 11 and was decommissioned on August 1.   Stricken from the Naval Vessel Registry on September 16, Wyoming was sold for scrap the following month.   Transferred to New York, this work began that December. Selected Sources: DANFS: USS  Wyoming  (BB-32)NHHC: USS  Wyoming  (BB-32)MaritimeQuest: USS  Wyoming  (BB-32)

Big Screens Big Failure-Stephen

Case Summary Big Screen Studios is one of the largest Hollywood movies studios. Buck Knox, the president of Big Screen has established Big Screen as a studio that produced cost-efficient and profitable films. The studio also had a good reputation for being supportive of the creative side of film making. However, in the last two years Big Screen had invested in several major productions that for various reasons had all performed well below expectation. Knox heard that some of the board members were prepared to force him out of the presidency if Big Screen did not come up with a hit soon. Knox contacted Mark Frazier, the director who had made several profitable movies and had a reputation as being a maverick with a â€Å"vision†. Frazier wants the script that he’s been writing to be filmed by Big Screen, the story about two strong male lead characters, a beautiful woman the men encountered in South America whose affection they fought over, battles, sea journeys, and challenging journeys over mountains and through jungles. Knox enchanted by the script; however Knox could also see that this movie might be extremely expensive to produce. Frazier convinces Knox that it will pay off. After a serious consideration, Knox decided to produce Frazier’s movie with $50 million budget agreement. John Connor, one of Knox’s trusted vice presidents, act as the studio’s liaison with Frazier and to be executive producer on the film. Connor was a veteran of many years experienced in working with directors and budgets. The first major problem the film encountered involved casting. Frazier’s first signing was Cole Rogan, a famous actions star, to be one of the male leads. Knox and Connor felt that Rogan was an asset because he had a reputation as a star who could â€Å"open† a film (audience would come to a movie just because he was in it). However, Frazier then decided to cast Frank Monaco as the other male lead. Monaco had made only a few films to date, and those were fluffy romantic comedies. Monaco had never proved himself in an epic adventure role, and he was an accomplished enough actor that he would make the rather wooden Rogan look bad. Knox suggests recasting Rogan’s role. Unfortunately, it turned out that Frazier had signed Rogan to a â€Å"pay or play† deal, meaning that if the studio released Rogan from the project, the studio would have to pay him a considerable sum of money. Rogan was replaced by Marty Jones, an actor who had had some success in films but mostly in supporting roles. A few weeks after casting was completed, Frazier insists the majority of the production be filmed in the jungles of South America, rather than in the studio. Frazier also insists that he needed to bring along most of the crew that had worked on his previous films. This also means that the budget will be increased. Knox agreed to raise the budget to $75 million as he was afraid of Frazier would go to another studio if he was not allowed to film on location in South America. Frazier, Connor, and the cast and crew headed off to the South American jungles for a scheduled two-month shoot. After two weeks had passed, Frazier was shooting scenes several times over- not because the actors or the crew were making mistakes, or because there was something wrong with the scene, but because the output just didn’t meet his artistic standards. Also, because the filming locations were so remote, the cast and crew were spending nearly four hours of a scheduled seven hour workday traveling to and from location. The production was incurring huge overtime costs. As if that wasn’t bad enough, the progress showed that Monaco and Jones didn’t have any chemistry as a pair, and Gia Norman, the female lead characters, had such a heavy accent that most of her lines couldn’t be understood. As the troubles that come up, Knox headed to the location to meet with Frazier. Knox will put $5 million more into the movie and tell Frazier that the movie must be done within the budget. Knox thought, Connor was doing a good job of reporting, but he didn’t seem to be doing much to correct the budget problems he was observing. After three and half month Frazier came back to California and started editing the film. He refused to allow anyone associated with the studio to be in the editing room. Three weeks into the editing Frazier ask that he want to hire a ship and bring the actors and crew back to perfecting the prologue which would cost the studio another additional cost. Knox agrees after he had a discussion with the board member.

The Concepts and, Myths of the Modern World Essay

The Concepts and, Myths of the Modern World - Essay Example The followers were called Rationalists. The Utopians strive to banish from memory the dark struggle against feudalism in pursuit of revolutionary principles, and a new class of the industrial commoner is conceived by the application of the enlightened sciences. The concepts of Degeneration and Regeneration operate on the basis of an assumed mutual-understanding of order and chaos, function and malfunction, the normal and the pathological. It is closely associated to the ethical realm of norms and values. The concrete, spatial transgression of boundaries (between the house, the garden, the street, the country and the city, as well as between inner and outer space) found in the above, often symbolizes a transgression of conventional gender norms. (Buchholz et al, 2002). An in-depth understanding of the above can, it is argued, lead to avoidance of the deficits or malaise (this seems so normal in the dystopian scheme), of the modern world. In ancient civilizations like the Mesopotamian, the 'juridico-discursive' power is entirely at the hands of a 'sovereign authority who exercised absolute control over the population through the threat or open display of violence' (Foucault, 1978). Bentham's concept of 'Panoticon' or the 'Inspection House' symbolizes this authority transferred to buildings in (especially constructed in circular forms) wherein people were to be kept under Surveillance or inspection. This is, particularly applicable to "Penitentiary-Houses, Prisons, Hospitals, Schools, Industrial Houses, Poor-houses, Lazarettos and Mad-houses" (Bentham, 1787). Surveillance, becomes an important tool of the state is but, a sort of mapping of contours, geographies, and finally human beings too. Modern states also used such "thematic mapping technologies", a notable one, being "the cadastral map, which record land ownership and resource characteristics" (Goss, Jon. 1995). Constant surveillance which, when internalized, as in "disciplining the body, takes hold of the mind as well to induce a psychological state of 'conscious and permanent visibility" (Foucault 1977). It then becomes a disciplinary power that is used directly on the body, and collectively, to control social groups. Foucault speaks of the structured ways of knowing and exercising this power, in respect of Body, Power and the Sexuality; Subjectivity, identity and resistance; and Freedom, power and Politics.( Armstrong,2005). Speed: Relationship between new technologies, spaces and new identities. Speed is inversely proportional to the time within which a work is done. It is something that man, by conscious reformation of his techniques, "more conscious that ever of himself and his time in life," (Kudera, 1996) has brought in with the technical revolution. This revolution is evident in the rampant automation of many every-day processes. Asger Jorn(1958), elucidates the process of automation as something that progressive and, "adds more than it replaces or suppresses." The invention of the bi-cycle, can be said as the first step. Constant improvisation lead to rapid industrialization (mass production), the off-shoot of which is the railroad system. The fascination for Speed not only lead to

Eastern Europe Under Communist Rule Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Eastern Europe Under Communist Rule - Essay Example Since 1968 there was a reform that began within the party, no further political or economic reforms were considered by the party, for fear of a similarly disastrous loss of control over society. In contrast, even the shock that followed 1953 in East Germany, producing the enormous purges that it did, did not prevent some few future policy alterations.As brought out, it is clear that despite some regions of Eastern Europe having communist influence prior to the Second World War, such as Poland, Eastern Europe would not have become communist without the interference of the Soviet Union in the post-war years. This is inferred by the fact that following the War, Stalin was forced to bring about communists into the governments of the popular of Eastern-European states to make sure that only countries that implemented communist governments surrounded the USSR, introducing communism upon these states in spite of his promises of free elections. It can also be seen that in the post-war years' Soviet intervention in elections was current, suggesting that maybe without this intervention results would have been different from those which were obtained, and many states in Eastern Europe would not have become communist. This is clear in the case of Poland, which did actually have a communist party, however, this was dissolved by Stalin in 1941 as it was a potential threat, and then reformed under Stalin’s main concern as he developed Polish communists in Moscow. After the War, Stalin recognized a Soviet government in Poland.

Nebobites Ethical Dilemma Essay Example for Free

Nebobites Ethical Dilemma Essay This case involves a small public traded company named Nebobites, which manufactures dog treats. Jenny O. , CPA, is the new Assistant Controller for the Nebobites’ company, and her job is to review and audit the financial statements for the 2012 year. While reviewing the financial statements, Jenny noticed the company’s Allowance for Doubtful Accounts balance seemed significantly higher than in the past. This increase in the Allowance account was due to the Bad Debt Expense estimation being based off 3% of net credit sales instead of the prior years’ estimate of 1. %. The increase in Bad Debts expense as a result of the increase in estimate materially affected the 2012 earnings. However, 2012 had been a great year for earnings, so the additional expense did not disturb the earnings growth trend Nebobites’ had experienced in the past. However, upon further research, Jenny could find no justification for the increase in the Bad Debt Expense estimate from 1. 5% of net credit sales to 3%. Jenny decides to approach her boss, the Controller, Maxwell Devious. He tells Jenny he is aware of the practice known as â€Å"income smoothing. Maxwell Devious says showing a steady growth in earnings was essential to keep the Nebobite stock price high as possible as the Smith family planned to sell-off a significant number of shares in early 2014. Jenny feels extremely uncomfortable with this practice, and she knows that this year’s financial statements will retain an overstated Bad Debt Expense estimate and more than likely result in an understated Bad Debt Expense estimate in 2013. 2. An ethical decision must be made by Jenny, because she is going to have to decide what is morally right or wrong. This fake presentation of increase in earnings will potentially affect every stakeholder involved with the company including their shareholders, creditors, management, employees and the customers. This faulty practice will leave an overstated Bad Debt Expense estimate for the year and more than likely result in an understated Bad Debt Expense estimate in 2013. Jenny needs to decide whether she thinks it is more important to look profitable to investors and appear to have greater wealth or is it more important to show creditors that they do not have sufficient funds to cover their debts. She also knows that Maxwell Devious, the Controller, has an employee profit sharing plan, a management bonus plan based on earnings, significant bank loans outstanding and is planning on raising funds through a bond issue in 2014; all of these are affected by the earnings for the year. 3. By deciding not to change the estimate back to the appropriate percentage of 1. 5%, it does single out individuals and the upper management group. These individuals that are Jenny’s superiors simply do not want her to make the adjustment because it is in their best interest (looking profitable amp; performance bonuses) and not in the company and its stakeholders’ best interest as a whole. It is also a legal violation because the company’s CEO and other top-level personnel should swear that all financial data for the company is relevant and accurate, and they knowingly defy corporate policies and the GAAP. 4. In this particular situation, Jenny is faced with a couple options; some of which are favorable, others not so much. Jenny can choose to abide by her scandalous boss, and decide to go along with the inappropriate change in estimate. This choice may blow over for the time being, but in the long run, Jenny and the company may be audited in the future exploiting their mistakes made in the 2012 financial statements. This could cause Jenny to be immediately terminated when the mistakes were finally found, as well as the possibility of jail time after an investigation and trial. Another possible route Jenny could take would be to report the inappropriate practices to an outsider’s attention, such as an external auditing firm. By doing so, she could save her job possibly for the time the company is being investigated, but may later be fired. Although she will eventually have to find a new job, this choice may save her from being in trouble with the law and potentially boost her chances of finding a new job due to her discovery at Nebobites. Another final option that I would see plausible in this situation would be to simply quit, if the Controller did not want to change the estimation and swear on the financial statements. The legal risk is too high in the case, and you do not want the downfall of Nebobites to be on your shoulders. 5. By deciding to go along with the inappropriate change in estimate, Jenny’s job may be safe for the time being, but in the long run, Jenny and the company may be audited in the future exploiting their mistakes made in the 2012 financial statements. This could cause Jenny to be immediately terminated when the mistakes were finally found, as well as the possibility of jail time after an investigation and trial. This is morally and legally wrong because she knowingly goes against corporate policies and the generally accepted accounting principles in order to reap the benefits. By reporting the inappropriate practices to an outsider’s attention, such as an external auditing firm, she could save her job possibly for the time the company is being investigated, but may later be fired. Although she will eventually have to find a new job, this choice may save her from being in trouble with the law and potentially boost her chances of finding a new job due to her discovery at Nebobites. By choosing this option, Jenny acts in a dignified and legal manner. She knows that she is doing what is right and is protecting stakeholders of the company. The other option of simply just resigning or quitting her position would not have much effect on the company. She is acting morally because she is not going along with the inappropriate practices of Nebobites, but she is not doing what is in the best interest for all stakeholders. The company will most likely find a new Assistant Controller for the operation who will go along with the unlawful scheme. This ultimately resulting in the downfall of the company, when Jenny could have prevented this and saved thousands of jobs by alerting an outside auditor. 6. By alerting an outside auditor to investigate this situation, Jenny does what is in the best interest for all stakeholders. This will eventually reveal the truth and allow shareholders to see the negative affect on stock prices, creditors can be informed on the debt situation of our company and be aware of the risk of dealing with us. Management will be disappointed with the actions of Jenny, in which they sacrificed their performance bonuses and will most likely fire her. The company will still have a chance to flourish, however, when the economy turns back around. By keeping the inappropriate estimate, Jenny will most likely be in the praises of her superiors for the bonuses they received; but, in the longer run, the company’s financial statements will be inaccurate and liabilities to creditors will go unpaid. Shareholders will actual lose more money and the company has the potential to go bankrupt any day if the economy does not take a sudden turn around. The top executives, as well as Jenny, should live in fear of being exploited of their misinterpretations and eventually will get caught up in severe legal trouble. If Jenny simply quit without seeking outside assistance from auditors, she is still acting in a somewhat immoral and illegal manner. This is because the stakeholders of the company will inevitably still be in serious trouble due to the deception of Jenny and the upper management of the Nebobites’ company. . I believe that it is in the best interest for Jenny to consult an outside auditing firm. Although it could potentially make her lose her job when her superiors are notified, it enlightens all stakeholders involved with the Nebobites’ company. The risk is too great if Jenny decides to leave the inappropriate estimate as is; she risks not only losing her job, bu t also risks going to jail, as well as losing her CPA license entirely. It is worth far more in life to be an honest and truthful person who looks out for others than it is to be a deceitful and uncaring.

Montag in Bradburys Fahrenheit 451 :: Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 451

What would our world be like if no one was different or if no one stood out against the crowd? What would we all be like? In Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451, Guy Montag is a fireman who sets houses on fire along with the books inside them because some people didn't like the message the books had and didn't like what they said. Montag thinks his life is going great until he meets a brave young girl with a purpose named Clarisse, who makes Montag rethink his empty life. He turns against his oppressive government and ultimately escapes the city to join a resistance group, dedicated to memorizing books in hopes of preserving civilization. Bradbury conveys to readers a message relevant even today: every individual must stand up for their beliefs even when everyone is against them and not be afraid to question authority. In this society people don?t ask questions or question the government, everyone just assumes that we understand and that everything is ok. Before we know it the government has taken over, making new laws to what we can and can?t do. When they put ratings on movies, like Pg-13 and we can?t see them unless we?re 13. Too many people aren?t questioning our political leaders so all the power stays with them and the power is drained away from the people. The first time that Montag realizes that burning books is wrong is Clarisse asks Montag ?Are you happy That is just what starts the escalade to the bigger problem. When Montag and his colleagues went to burn a house they believe to have books in the attic. When Montag was in the attic setting the book on fire he found one that he thought has interesting, so he hid it in his jacket and went on with his work. The women?s house is burnt to the ground and instead of getting out of the house she wants to stay with her books. She stands up for what she believes in. That was it for Montag, he knew that there must be something about these books that would make someone want to die with their book and he intends to find out. By standing up, Montag hopes that people will learn to think for themselves and not just do what everyone else wants them to do. Montag doesn?t want everyone to just solely listen to Beatty and the government.

John Updike

Eliana Orosco Mrs. King Composition II 8 March 2013 A&P John Updike was a prolific writer of novels, short stories, essays, poems, and children’s tale. In the early stories such as â€Å"A&P† John Updike uses memories from his childhood and teenage years. For the sort of â€Å"small† scenes and stories for which he quickly became famous for (Updike 233). Updike uses the elements of setting, mood, and characters to illustrate the theme of a rebellious generation in the short fiction story â€Å"A&P†.The setting of the â€Å"A&P† takes place in a small town north of Boston around 1960. Sammy needs a sympathetic listener (or reader), someone who will grasp the meaning he is constructing for himself as he puts his actions into narrative order. Collapsing past and present in rapid yet reflective colloquial speech, Sammy tells how three teenage girls, barefoot, in bathing suits, came into the A & P store to make a purchase. As they move through the aisles , Sammy, from his work station, first ogles them and then idealizes the prettiest and most confident of the three.He names her, to himself, â€Å"Queenie†; and though he jokes with his fellow cashier about the girls' sexiness, he is quietly disgusted by the butcher's frankly lustful gaze as the girls search for what they want to buy. Worse is his manager's puritanical rebuke for their beach attire as Queenie pays Sammy for her purchase. Outraged that his manager, Lengel, has made â€Å"that pretty girl blush† and wanting to demonstrate his refusal of such demeaning authority, Sammy quits his job on the spot.Though the girls leave without recognizing their hero, and though his manager tries to dissuade him from disappointing his parents, Sammy feels â€Å"that once you begin a gesture, it's fatal not to go through with it† (196). He acts decisively, but the girls have disappeared from the parking lot by the time he exits the store. In practical terms, Sammy's act ion has gained him nothing and cost him everything, but his narrative affirms his gesture as a liberating form of dissent, (M.Gilbert Porter discusses Sammy's dissent as Emersonian nonconformity: Porter 1155-58. ) Sammy does not see how he could have done otherwise, though he finds himself at odds with the only society he knows, sure that â€Å"the world will be hard to me, hereafter† (Updike 238). The time of year in the story illustrates the old generation versus a new generation. The narrator states that the way the young ladies were dressed isn’t normally how they dress in the â€Å"A;P† a very respectable supermarket.Sammy notices everyone’s expression towards the girls while they walk the aisles like when he says, â€Å"The sheep pushing their carts down the aisle-the girls were walking against traffic (not that we have one-way signs or anything) were pretty hilarious. You could see them, when Queenie’s white shoulders dawned on them, kind o f jerk, or hop, or hiccup, but their eyes snapped back to their own baskets and on they pushed† (Updike 235).Another way the regular customers were so shocked how Queenie and her friends were dressed they had to take a second glare at them, â€Å"A few house slaves in pin curlers even looked around pushing their carts past to make sure what they had seen was correct. † (Updike 235). The mood of the story is informal/rebellious that it illustrates that the â€Å"A;P† is an uptight supermarket and everything has to be done the right way. Like for example when Sammy rings an item up twice and he gets chewed out by one of the customers, â€Å"I ring it up again and the customer starts giving me hell.She is one of those cash-register-watchers, a witch about fifty with rouge on her cheekbones and no eyebrows, and I know it made her day to trip me up† (Updike 234). Mr. Lengel the manager at the â€Å"A;P† was the first to mention to Queenie and her friends that their attire was not acceptable in the supermarket by saying, â€Å"Girls, this isn’t the beach. Girls, I don’t want to argue with you. After this come in here with your shoulders covered. It’s our policy† (Updike 237). The characters in the short story illustrates the different rebellious moments in the story.Like for example, when Queenie shows the reader she doesn’t care what people think about her or has to say when she enters the supermarket with a two piece bikini, â€Å"Walking to the A;P with your straps down, I suppose it’s the only kind of face you can have. She held her head so high her neck, coming up out of those white shoulders, looked kind of stretched† (Updike 235). When Sammy tells Mr. Lengel, â€Å"You didn’t have to embarrass them† (Updike 238). With Mr. Lengel replying to him, â€Å"It was they who embarrassing us† (238).Then Sammy quits by pulling the bow at the back of the apron and sta rt shrugging it off his shoulders. When Sammy quits his job is also a rebellious moment because he quits to show the girls he stands up for them but when he does there is no one to thank him for his heroic moment. Sammy finally realizes that â€Å"the world will be hard to me, hereafter† (Updike 238) for the decision he had made for sticking up for people he really didn’t know. What I learned while reading the story is that with every decision there is consequences.Speaking up for someone may not always be the wrong or right thing to do. When you want to speak your own mind and defend someone you should be ready for the consequences coming after. Work Cited John Updike â€Å"A;P. † Compact Literature: Reading, Reacting, Writing Ed. Laurie G. Kirszner and Stephen R. Mendall. Compact 8th ed. Boston: Wadsworth, 2013. 234-38. Print. Saldivar, Toni. â€Å"The Art of John Updike's ‘A & P'. † Studies in Short Fiction 34. 2 (1997): 215. Literature Resource Center. Web. 7 Mar. 2013.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Real Gdp

London School of Commerce Belgrade A Critical Analysis Of Real GDP Subject: Managerial EconomicsMentor:Student: Maja Paunovic Mirko Lazarevic Belgrade 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY3 INTRODUCTION2. ADVANTAGES OF REAL GDP43. LIMITATIONS AND SHORTCOMINGS OF REAL GDP4 3. 1 RENEWABLE FINITE RESOURCE5 3. 2 OLD AND CHILD CARE5 3. 3 UNDERGROUND ECONOMY5 3. 4 UNEMPLOYMENT6 3. 5 THE INFLATION RATE6 3. 6 POLUTTION7 3. 7 LEISURE7 3. 8 POPULATION7 3. 9 INEQUALITY OF WEALTH7 4. CONCLUSION8 REFERENCES9 1. Executive summaryThe gross domestic indicator (GDP) is one of the main indicators used to measure the health of a country’s economy. GDP represents the sum of all goods produces over a specific period of time or in other words it is the size of the economy. Usually, GDP is compared to the previous quarter or year. As an example, if a yearly measurement was taken and the GDP went up 3%, this means that the economy has grown by 3% over the last year. Measuring GDP can be complicated, the calculation can be done in one of three ways: the product method, the income method and the expenditure method.The fi rst method of measuring GDP is to sum up the value of all goods and services produced in the country. Basically, we focus on firms and add up all their production. This method is known as the product method. The second approach is the income method which is focused on the incomes generated from the production of goods and services. When we look back, we will see that this is the same as the sum of all values added at each stage of production. The added value is basically the difference between a firm’s income from sales and the cost of its purchases from other firms.The difference is made up of wages and salaries, rent, interest and profit. Basically, it consists of the incomes produced by those involved in the production process. The final approach to calculating GDP is to add up all expenditure on final output. Which includes the following: consumer expenditure, government expenditure, investment expenditure, exports of goods and services and imports of goods and services. This final method is called the expenditure method. 1 Introduction Economic production and growth, what GDP represents, has a huge impact on nearly everyone within that economy.In order to analyze the health of an economy or examine economic growth, it’s necessary to have a way to measure the size of an economy. Economists usually measure the size of an economy by the amount of stuff it produces. When GDP is calculated in relation to the population of a country this is known as the average GDP per capita. This is often used as an indicator of a country’s standard of living. When calculating GDP international incomes are not included, even those earned by domestic workers in other countries. However, as a measure of the standard of living in a country, GDP has its limitations and shortcomings. . Advantages of real GDP You can use GDP to examine all economies of the world, from the USA to Somalia. No matter if a country is churning out fishing equipment or cars, all of i ts products have a certain monetary value, which added up gives a universally recognized measure. This measure is especially helpful if you consider how different economies around the world are in terms of the goods and services they produce, and the way they reinvest their income – pay back debts or invest in industry sectors. GDP is dynamic; it changes constantly based on new figures on productivity, consumption and investments.Therefore, economists and decision makers can use GDP to measure an economy’s growth or decline. However, they can only do that provided they have an established and accurate mechanism to measure GDP value regularly; without that, they don’t have any data to compare whether present activity is worth more or less than in the past. By removing inflation, real GDP allows economists to make more accurate comparisons between countries and across multiple years. Multinational corporations use real GDP when deciding where to send their investm ent dollars or headquarter their operations. National governments use real GDP to set currency exchange rate targets and evaluate the effectiveness of economic policy by comparing one year’s real GDP data against other years. Central banks put significant weight on real GDP data when determining interest rates and other fiscal policy. Real GDP is also used to compute economic growth, known as the GDP growth rate. This is calculated by comparing each quarter to the previous one. If real GDP were not used, then you wouldn’t know whether it was real growth, or just price and wage increases.The ideal GDP growth rate is between 2-3%. The GDP growth rate is critical for investors to adjust the asset location in their portfolios. Investors also compare countries’ GDP growth rates – countries with strong growth attract more investors for their corporate stocks, bonds and even their own sovereign debt.3. Limitations and shortcoming of real GDP GDP per capita is not a direct increase of living standards and qu ality of life in a country, so policies aimed at maximizing GDP may be seen as ill conceived. This is due to many reasons, including;3.1 Renewable finite resource: Most of country may grow rapidly by exploiting their non-renewable finite resources such as oil and forests. They may also over- exploit resources which renew slowly, such as fish and wildlife. While current living standards may be high, those of future generations may be jeopardized. Therefore, GDP is unable to act as an indicator of future welfare. For example; the fishing industry in Europe is currently facing many problems as a result of over fishing in the past. This has had a significant impact on the GDP of European countries.GDP measures the total value of output produced, but it cannot distinguish between the effects of different types of output on living standards. For example; two countries have the same GDP per capita, but country A has a well-funded education and health system, whereas country B has a well-eq uipped army. It is obvious that country A will have higher living standards than country B, but this is not apparent from their GDP figures.3. 2 Old and Child Care: If you care for your parents when they're old and enfeebled, it doesn't contribute to GDP, but if you pay someone else to care for them, it does contribute.The same goes for childcare and mental illness. The act of caring for the permanently sick, however compassionate that may be, is a use of resources for no tangible gain. Therefore, it does not contribute to GDP' For these reasons, some people prefer to use other indicator to measure a country's standard of living. These social indicators take non-economic factors into account, such as literacy rate, and life expectancy. Some examples are the physical quality of life index (PQLI), the Human Development Index (HDI), and the Basic Well-being Index (BWI).3. 3 Underground economy: Oliver (2006) in his book ‘Macroeconomics' states about the underground economy as fol lows: ‘Underground economy is the part of economic activity not measured in official statistics, either because the activity is illegal, or because firms and workers would rather not report it to avoid paying taxes – is an old issue in Spain'. (p 45) Black market: Michael & Charles (1993) describes that everybody wants to take advantage of a carpenter's, car mechanics, or painter's, offer to do some work without a receipt.Agents engage in the black, or underground, economy for straight-forward reasons. First, they want to avoid taxes (the value added tax, employment and social security charges, profit taxes). Another reason is that criminal activities, such as drug dealing, prostitution, or racketeering, are obviously better kept underground. (p24) Different countries may have different sizes of informal/ ‘black' economy (e. g. crime, subsistence farming, drug dealer, and bartering and cash payments) and this is not taken into account by those who calculate GDP.GD P will therefore underestimate the actual value of output. For example; Russia has a very large black economy, so its relatively small GDP is a poor indicator of actual income and living standards. (Source: John Sloman, 2006, 6th ed,)3. 4 Unemployment: Oliver (2006) states that unemployment is the number of people who do not have job but are looking for one. It directly effects on the welfare of the unemployed. Although unemployment benefits are greater today than they were during the great Depression, unemployment is still often associated with financial and psychological suffering. It is not the question how much suffering depends on the nature of the unemployment. Real GDP is failure to measure unemployment of a country.3. 5 The Inflation Rate: Oliver (2006) states that ‘Inflation is a sustained rise in the general level of prices in the economy-called the price level. The inflation rate is the rate at which the price level increases. (Conversely, deflation is a sustained d ecline in the price level. It corresponds to a negative inflation rate)'. If the price level increase nothing happened for the rich people but something happened for the poor people. As example, some Asian Country there GDP is high, price of goods is also high, and the rich people can easily buy the goods because there income is high. But poor people which income is low they can't buy the goods. The real GDP mean per people per capital so real GDP can't measure the inflation rate which mean Standard of living.3. 6 Pollution: Environment is very important part of Standard of living. But this important part is polluted in many ways. Industry is produce lot of product. On the other hand, at the same time industry is throwing wastage or rubbish, smoke and useless chemicals.It is polluting environment by motor and vehicles which making sound and air pollution. Climate change is a big factor for standard of living. Power station and chemical plant which cause global warm and for that reas on why some countries like Maldives and south part of Bangladesh going down under water. Also High GDP per capita might be accompanied by high levels of pollution and exploitation of the workforce, thus causing a decrease in living standards which is not reflected in GDP figures. Therefore, GDP may overestimate living standards in a country. Here real GDP can't measure Standard of living. (Source: John Sloman, 2006)3. 7 Leisure: Leisure is important for every age. By growing GDP people going to be like machineries. People are all time busy for their earning money to build up their life. They don't have time for entertainment like cinema, game; party also there is not enough leisure centers where people can go easily. When people not involved with recreation to have proper leisure, it is not even mentionable whether the current GDP is high or low in the country. So, real GDP fails to measure the Standard of living.3. 8 Population: Population is a big impact of standard of living. Mos t of third world county has been suffering of this problem (Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan). If the population increase GDP automatic decrease as a result standard of living of county go down. Real GDP cannot solve the countrymen problem.3. 9 Inequality wealth: GDP per capita is not an indicator of the distribution of wealth, because when GDP increases, this extra wealth may be received by only a small section of society with the rest of society even worse off. For example; the GDP of oil producing countries like Saudi Arabia is very high, but the wealth is only shared among a small minority of citizens, while the majority of citizens living relative poverty. (John Sloman, 2006) GDP can only measure the material standard of living, without taking into account the quality of life as perceived by each individual, which cannot be standardized across a population or countries. Let’s take USA and France for example.The USA had a GDP per capita of USD 46, 900 in 2008 (http://www. indexmundi. om/united_states/gdp_per_capita_(ppp). html) while France had 45, 982 (http://www. indexmundi. com/france/gdp_per_capita_(ppp). html). Not a big difference, France trails by a little. Now let’s consider how well are people in each country – In the happy planet index, France ranks 71 while the USA ranks 114, just below Madagascar. People in France are much happier than people in the USA. They have better and free healthcare, free education and so on. Besides these two countries Costa Rica has a GDP much lower than both (http://www. ndexmundi. com/costa_rica/gdp_per_capita_(ppp). html) but its people are considered to be the happiest in the world. Some countries, even though they have low GDP’s, its people are better off. Countries that one rarely hears of have very good life expectancies like in Andorra, Cayman Islands, and so on. (http://www. happyplanetindex. org/data/).4. Conclusion GDP discusses how economists measure the total growth of a nation. At this point it is important to know about how the GDP is doing in the change of standard life style.It is already assumed that real GDP shows the total amount of growth in value in specific year. Economist can predict what to achieve and what is the difference in achievement by the end of the year. As we have seen that real GDP is countable by the value, it is easy to know for any people to predict what further contribution needed in the country. But whatever the economist prediction is, the economic factors should be remain same. Without the economic factors stability, the total development of the country is not possible.References:1.John Sloman & Dean Garratt (2010), Essentials of Economics, 5th Edition, Prentice Hall. (Pages259-267)2. (John Sloman. 6th edn , 2006).3. Oliver Blanchard (2006), ‘Macroeconomics, 4th Edition, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.4. Michael Burda & Charles Nyplosz (1993), Introduction to Macroeconomics, 1st Edition. Oxford University Press.5. http://www. indexmundi. com/united_states/gdp_per_capita_(ppp). html6. http://www. indexmundi. com/france/gdp_per_capita_(ppp). html7. http://www. indexmundi. com/costa_rica/gdp_per_capita_(ppp). html 8. http://www. happyplanetindex. org/data/

The Purpose of Building a Portfolio Assessment

The Purpose of Building a Portfolio Assessment A portfolio assessment is a collection of student works that are associated with standards you are required to learn. This collection of work is often gathered over a long period of time to reflect what you have been taught as well as what you have learned. Each piece in the portfolio is selected because it is an authentic representation of what you have learned and is meant to demonstrate your current knowledge and skills. A portfolio by nature is a storybook capturing a students progression of learning as they move through the year. What Goes Into a Portfolio A portfolio can include classwork, artistic pieces, photographs, and a variety of other media all demonstrating the concepts that you have mastered. Each item that is selected to go in the portfolio is chosen within the parameters of the purpose of the portfolio itself. Many teachers require their students to write a reflection that correlates with each piece in the portfolio. This practice is advantageous for the student as they self-assess their work and may set goals to improve. Finally, the reflection helps reinforce the concept for the student and it provides some clarity for anyone reviewing the portfolio. Ultimately, the most authentic portfolios are built when the teacher and student work collaboratively to decide which pieces should be included to demonstrate mastery of a specific learning objective. The Purpose of Developing a Portfolio A portfolio assessment is often deemed an authentic form of assessment because it includes authentic samples of a students work.  Many advocates of the portfolio assessment argue that this makes it a superior assessment tool because it is demonstrates learning and growth over an extended period of time. They believe it is more indicative of what a students true abilities especially when you compare it to a standardized test that provides a snapshot of what a student can do on a particular day. Ultimately, the teacher guiding the portfolio process helps determine the purpose of the final portfolio. The portfolio may be used to show growth over time, it may be used to promote a students abilities, or it may be used to evaluate a students learning within a specific course. Its purpose may also be a combination of all three areas. The Pros of Using a Portfolio Assessment A portfolio assessment demonstrates learning over the course of time rather than what a student knows a particular day.A portfolio assessment provides an opportunity for a student to reflect on their learning, to self assess, and to formulate a deeper understanding of the concepts they are learning beyond a simple surface explanation.A portfolio assessment requires a great level of individual interaction between the student and teacher wherein they are always collaborating about the requirements and components going into the portfolio.   The Cons of Using a Portfolio Assessment Developing and assessing a portfolio is time-consuming. It takes a lot of effort from both the teacher and the student and is a demanding endeavor in which you can quickly fall behind.Portfolio assessments are very subjective in nature. Even if the teacher utilizes a rubric, the individualized nature of a portfolio makes it difficult to remain objective and stick to the rubric. Two students working on the same learning standard may have two totally different approaches thus learning may not be the same.

Modernity In Criminology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Modernity In Criminology - Essay Example These substantive and procedural reforms have converted the historical ideal of the juvenile court as a welfare agency into a quasi-penal system that provides young offenders with neither therapy nor justice. The positivists who created the juvenile court conceived of it as an informal welfare system in which judges made dispositions in the "best interests" of the child. In 1967 the Supreme Court in In re Gault granted juveniles some constitutional procedural rights in delinquency hearings and provided the impetus to modify juvenile courts' procedures, jurisdiction, and purposes. (Feld, 1999, 24-25) The ensuing procedural and substantive convergence between juvenile and criminal courts eliminated virtually all the conceptual and operational differences in strategies of social control for youths and adults. Even proponents reluctantly acknowledge that juvenile courts often fail either to save children or to reduce youth crime. In short, the contemporary juvenile court constitutes a conceptually and administratively bankrupt institution with neither a rationale nor a justification. According to Paul (2002, 69-70) social structural and cultural changes fostered both the initial creation and contemporary transformation of the juvenile court. Ideological changes in cultural conceptions of children and in strategies of social control during the nineteenth century led positivists to create the juvenile court in 1899. ... s combined new theories of criminality, such as positivism, with new ideas about childhood and adolescence to construct a social welfare alternative to criminal courts. They designed juvenile courts to respond flexibly to youths' criminal and non-criminal misconduct, to assimilate and integrate poor and immigrant children, and to expand control and supervision of young people and their families. (Tanenhaus, 2004, 111-112) The juvenile court positivists removed children from the criminal justice and corrections systems, provided them with individualized treatment in a separate system, and substituted a scientific and preventive alternative to the criminal law's punitive policies. By separating children from adults and providing a rehabilitative alternative to punishment, juvenile courts also rejected criminal law's jurisprudence and its procedural safeguards, such as juries and lawyers. Juvenile courts' flexible and discretionary strategies enabled its personnel to differentiate and discriminate between their own children and "other people's children," those of the poor and immigrants. (Duffy, 2004, 39) A century later, social structural changes have modified the cultural conceptions of young people and the strategies of social control that juvenile courts employ. These changes leave the juvenile court, as an institution, searching for a new policy foundation and legal rationale. (Kittrie, 2000, 156-157) Since Gault, social structural, demographic, and legal changes have altered dramatically juvenile courts' structure and functions, the characteristics of their clientele, and the crime and social welfare issues that they confront. The social construction of adolescence as a developmental stage distinct from adulthood and new sensibilities about children began to pose

Measuring performance of Hospitals at Qatar Research Paper

Measuring performance of Hospitals at Qatar - Research Paper Example Two modes of analysis have been performed namely quantitative and qualitative. A total of 40 respondents have been selected to review the performance of hospitals. The overall performance of hospitals located at Qatar is fair according to the views of patients having different country origin. The service quality of these hospitals have been measured on 8 dimensions, therefore, there are many areas for improvement for these hospitals. The important recommendation includes that hospitals should hire expert medical staff that could better treat their patients and care for them. Medical staff is a critical factor in the success of hospitals as they provide the core services to its customers. Introduction Background of the Project The aim of the project is to review the performance of hospitals located at Qatar, and to measure its performance on the basis of 8 dimensions. ... arch Question Following are the research question which will be answered through the research conducted: Are patients satisfied with overall performance and services provided by hospitals? What is the impact of reputation of hospitals and medical staffs have on patients and their experience? Does the communication matter between patients and medical and non-medical staff and how is the statement true? Are patients getting value for their money? Research Design Methods for Analysis Qualitative The study will use thematic analysis to analyze responses of descriptive questions. The keywords that are considered for evaluation include price, customer service, staff, and location. The frequency of appearance of these keywords are presented in a tabular format indicating the ranking of keywords related to additional suggestions that respondents have made for further improving patient service. Quantitative The study examines each of 8 dimensions of patient service at hospitals in Qatar on th e basis of responses collected from individuals belonging to different origins which includes Qatari, Bahraini, Omani, Pakistani, and Indians etc. The study makes the use of cross tabulation to provide the number of responses and their types for each statement under different dimensions of assessments of patient service. In this way, grouping of responses has been possible on the basis of differences in respondents’ background and origin of their country. The results from this analysis have been attached in this report as ‘Appendix B’. Appendix A is the survey questionnaire. Logic for Data Collection Medium Questionnaires have been used as the data collection medium which is relatively quicker to gather information from respondents than the other modes of data collection. The data can

Financial report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Financial report - Essay Example Notwithstanding the fact that both options were promising, there was a need to engage in complete evaluation of the viability of the options, based on the future predictions of the benefits obtainable from such options. The process of determining the viable option entailed the application of mathematical techniques and models such as the regression analysis, the LM test and the decision rule to arrive at the most promising and viable investment option. Therefore, variables such as the GDP per capita, the inflation rates, and the consumer price index were used to modify the mathematical models and reach at a conclusive decision on the most promising option that could be adopted. After the application of the mathematical models and the modification of these models with the above mentioned variable, a decision was reached that the option to receive the sure sum offered by the bank was not plausible, and so the decision was to reject the offer Introduction Financial decisions are among t he most difficult decisions to reach. This because, while making a financial decision, varied considerations should d be made, which call for a greater level of accuracy and precise estimations (Ingersoll, 1987 p47). Additionally, financial decisions are not hundred percent dependable, owing to the large number of factors that affect financial investments and savings. Most significant is the fact that the complexity of making financial decisions is added to, by the nature of the risks involved in the financial sector, where a slight mistake either in prediction or estimation could mean the success or failure of the investments made (Batyrshin, 2007 p23). Therefore, it is extremely important to ensure that financial decisions are reached with the highest degree of precision possible, while at the same time putting into consideration all the factors that determine the viability of the decisions. This financial report presents the considerations that were made to determine whether CORV ETTE Company should accept a sure sum of sum of $2,150,000 which is risk-averse, granted by a bank, at the expense of continuing with its business of selling cars to its customers worldwide, using a local currency, or it should reject the offer. Therefore, all the considerations that were made, courtesy of the mathematical models applied will be discussed, and the final decision that was made presented. Discussion The task required that we carry out a research on whether CORVETTE Company should accept a sure sum of sum of $2,150,000 granted by a bank, at the expense of continuing with its business of selling cars to its customers worldwide, using a local currency. The need to reach this decision was based on the fact that CORVETTE Company could receive the sure sum that was risk-averse, or reject the amount and continue taking the risks associated with selling cars to customers worldwide using a local currency. Both options presented financial benefits to the company. However, the b enefits obtainable needed to be quantified, to come up with a final decision regarding the most promising and viable option. When banks advance credits to customers, they do so with an intention of making profits (Narayanan & Nanda, 2004 p65). Therefore, while granting CORVETTE Company a sure sum of

Tradional Dance Essay Example for Free

Tradional Dance Essay The Ibans perform a unique dance called the ngajat. It serves many purposes depending on the occasion. During Gawais, it is used to entertain the people who in the olden days enjoy graceful ngajats as a form of entertainment. The origin of this indigenous dance is not clearly known but it is believed to have been in existence along with the Iban tribe since the 16th Century. The Ngajat dance is believed to have been performed by warriors on their return from battles. . The male dancers wear large feathers as part of their headgear, hold an ornate and long shield in their hand with chains, beads and a loincloth called the ‘cawat’. The female dancers have an elaborate headdress, chains, beads and a ‘dress’ that reaches to below their knees with intricate weaving. Traditionally this dance was only performed by male dancers but not anymore. The dance is arranged straight lines and in a circle and does involve dramatic leaps and jumps performed by the male dancers. If the real tradition, the music if we dance ngajat we use the life music which have someone o group who play the music such as gong, Gongs and other ethnic percussion instruments such as the ‘enkeromong’, ‘bendai’, ‘canang’ and ‘dumbak or ketebong’ provide the music. The musicians may be either male oThe pride in knowing how to perform the ‘ngajat,’ the Iban traditional dance must be kept burning among the Iban youngsters. The young Ibans should look back to the days of their parents or forefathers when there was so much pride in knowing how to perform the ‘ngajat’. Ngajat is a warrior dance of the Iban tribe in Sarawak. It is said that ngajat is performed by the warriors upon their successful return, to celebrate their victory in battle. Today, the dance is performed as part of the Gawai Dayak celebrations. When performing the dance, the male dancers wear a headgear made from the tail feathers of the hornbill (though nowadays most likely artificial feather may be used, to save the birds). He holds a long sword in one hand and an ornately decorated shield in the other. Around his chest are necklaces made of beads and cowrie shells, and he wore a ceremonial cawat, or loincloth. The dancer make slow movements, as though stalking the enemy. This is interspersed with dramatic prances as though he is leaping forward to attack. The dance is performed accompanied by the music from tribal musical instruments, usually percussions, including the enkeromong, bendai, canang and dumbak or ketebong. There are several Ngajat dance such as Ngajat Induk, Ngajat bebunoh, Ngajat Lesong, Ngajat Semain, Ngajat Berayah and Ngajat â€Å"â€Å"Ngemai antu pala† Moreover, it symbolize the happy ending of another cycle of padi planting season, welcoming the God of Farming to the feast and giving thanks for the bountiful and successful harvest. In the past, a â€Å"Ngajat Semain† was performed by young Iban boys and girls who have just complete their Ngajat lessons taught to them after the heavy work of clearing the forest and burning season is over. The tempo of this Ngajat performed by the girls is slow and graceful displaying the beautiful design pattern of the newly completed â€Å"Pua Kumbu† woven by the girls during the farming cycle. As for the young boys, the tempo is also slow displaying their martial artistic and balancing skills in preparation to enter their adulthood life. This means that they will take more adult responsibility in the next farming season. This is also an opportunity for them to display their beautiful costumes, headgears, amulets such as Engkerimok, Simpai, Tumpa Bala and of course their new fully decorated swords and its design. At the present day, the Ngajat music and dance are perform to preserve the Iban Culture and for the younger generation to value the unique of it the dancer dance follow the music that have a group who play the music. These is the traditional dane,which the most popular in Sarawak.

Globalization And Nation State Essay

Globalization And Nation State Essay Since the beginning of the 1990s, globalization has become a high frequency word in our daily life. Actually, globalization is not a strange word since the sixteen-century and Europe as the original source of globalization. It has some simple international trade at that time. People realize the importance of multinational communication and trade; therefore make globalization become the main trend in todays world. In 21st century, globalization has become more and more common in the whole world, no matter people, organizations, or government, both can see the changes which globalization brings them. Globalization has deeply influence peoples life and working style, globalization make world integrity closely and makes peoples life become more and more convenient, it brings many benefits to people. Not only have deeply impact on peoples life, but also influence the nation-state more or less. It influences the nation-states sovereignty integrity, impact on their economic development and their national culture. Although it changes the nation-state original condition, it still brings them some positive influence. It helps nation-state develop better and better. Therefore, globalization both give them chances and challenges, restructuring politics, economic penetration and communication between multinational culture and national culture. In this essay, the purpose is to explain the relationship between the globalization and nation-state. Firstly, it will explain the academic definition of globalization and nation-state, and state the process of globalization and the characters of nation-state. Then, it will put forward the academic debate about the relationship between globalization and nation-state and explain it briefly. Thirdly, it will discuss the globalization influences the nation-state through political, economic and cultural aspects. Media globalization also brings benefits to nation-state because media is the key linking bridge which connects the nation-state with other countries. Lastly, it will make a conclusion and provide the opinion for this essay. Globalization and nation-state Globalization has become a major feature of contemporary social life. Globalization is penetration into different aspects like business, politics, economics, cultural identity, law, the environment and music. It almost exists in every corner of peoples life. Robertson gives the academic definition of globalization as follows: Globalization as a concept refers both to the compression of the world and the intensification of consciousness of the world as a wholeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦both concrete global interdependence and consciousness of the global whole (1992:8). This definition refers to the increasing of interdependence in different countries, it means the world is unified and standardization, there is close relationship in each country through politics, economics and cultural areas. The more important of this definition is the intensification of global consciousness, it means globalization infuse people the conscious of integrity and unified in their mind, make people think there is one world, and the world is unified. Also this is the common idea that the world is becoming more and more uniform and standardization through the cultural and technological development from the West. After World War II, the high speed development of communications technology and transportation make people come into the new world. More and more people can travel anywhere they want, and make migrate to other countries more easily. Satellite broadcasts make people become globally audience; they can hear different kinds of information through different countries. The world is becoming a single place, people sharing the common understanding of living together in one place (Lechner, F.J.& Boli, J, 2000). Moreover, in some critical view of globalization, Pieterse, J.N.(1995) state that the globalization as a process of hybridization, and the globalization in the plural. Globalization can be described from four aspects, political, economical, international relations and cultural. In political, social arrangements for the application of power which control the territories, populations and others. In economics, globalization refers to internationalization of economic, and expands of the market. The appearance of some international institutions intended to supervise the process of globalization, these international institutions includes International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) (wzeu.ask.com). It keeps the balance in the international trade. In international relations, the importance is the inc reasing consistency of the relations between nations and their global politics. In cultural aspect, it is focus on global communications and cultural homogenization, like the spread of the American culture and McDonalds culture, those culture both the symbol of the cultural globalization. As for nation-state, it can be defined as a certain form of state that derives its political legitimacy from serving as a sovereign entity for a nation as a sovereign territorial unit (en.wikipedia.org) The nations is refers a cultural and ethnic entity, and the state is for political and geopolitical entity. The nation-state combine those two characters then composing the nation-state. Also there are different numbers of ways of understanding the nation-state. One is to focus on the issue of sovereignty. In this perspective, it can be date back to 17th century Europe, to the emergence of concentrated monarchical power and to the development of a system of nation-states sovereign in relation to eac h other (Holton,R.J.) Also the nation-state has own characteristics, differ from pre-national states. Nation-state has strong idea that about their territory, they think the territory cannot be destroyed and non-transferable, it cannot easily exchange to other nations. The crucial character of nation-state is they use ethic entity as the nation policy through the economics, cultural and social life activities. Nation-state promote the economic unity, they abolish the doll and internal customs. They focus on infrastructure the transportation and they also concentrate on construct the motorway network, both of these policies is for better trade and travelling between nations. Compared with non-national predecessors, the most obvious impact of nation-state is the creation of uniform of a nation cultural through nations policy. The model of nation-state is that the residents is constitutes a nation, integrity together by common descent, a common language and many shard cultures. If the nation loses this unity, it tends to create it. It promotes the national language unity through the language policy (baike.baidu.com). Therefore, nation-state has their particular characters which others cannot easily destroy. Debate between nation-state and globalization With the world become globally, the relationship between nation-state and globalization has raised the many scholars attention. It may use other way to explain this issue which does globalization destroyed the nation-state? Many scholars provide their opinion towards this hot issue. According to Ohmae,K.(2000) opinion, he think the globalization has deeply weaken the nation-state through political, economic and international trade aspects. Ohmae,K.(2000) think the nation-state sovereignty is deeply threatened by globalization, nation-state begun to lose their dominance. Also author think the nation-state is lose their control in economics because of the penetration of globalization. The nations cannot protect their currency and capital market, it become more and more vulnerable. Also from the daily goods and services now produced in todays world, Ohame, K. think the nation-state has already lose their national label. Other scholars also indicate the challenges towards the nation-stat e when facing the globalization. Mann,M(1997) put forward their opinion towards this issue, he analyst four threats to nation-state which is global capitalism, the dangerous of environment change, post-nuclear geopolitics and identity politics. All four factors influence the nation-state in different regions. Capitalist transformation is mildly weakening the north of the nation-state, with the development of industrialization, environment pollution also threat the whole world, the problems of environment is hard to solve by nation-state alone; post-nuclearism weakening state sovereignty. For this argument, some other people state opposite opinion, Thus, Mann(1993a, 1997) indicate that the rise of the nation-state does not influence by globalization; Hirst and Thompson (1996) state that the nation-state still remain the strong status. Different people have divergent opinion toward this question. As for personal view, I agree the moderate view, it can combine different scholars opinio ns because everything both has positive and negative sides. It is no doubt that the globalization plays the dominant role in nation-state, it brings them huge change, but it can act these change as both chance and challenges. Globalization has impact on nation-state in political, economical and socio-cultural areas in positive and negative sides. The impact of the globalization on nation-state Globalization is changing the world step by step, it also has profound influence on nation-state, it changing and threatening the nation-state through three aspects like political, economical and socio-cultural. It is both chances and challenges to nation-state. In nation-state, their main thing is to protect the sovereignty and territory integrity. It cannot be easily destroyed. However, the world in nowadays is the Economic Globalizaiton (Holton,R.J.), the economic integrity connect todays world, it also threaten the nation-states sovereignty, supranational institutions deeply influence the national political activities, like the appearance of United Nations, the World Bank, International Monetary Fund and WTO (Held,D,1991), both of these economic regulatory bodies control and monitor the nation-state political structure. The strengthen power of the international institutions make nation-state sovereignty more and more vulnerable. Multinational companies not only manipulate the pro cess of economic globalization, but also influence the internal polity in nation-state. The flow of global capital and the multinational companies activities need to burst the territory and sovereigntys restriction in order to better develop themselves. Moreover, the nation-state traditional function is threaten and restricted by globalization. Due to the development of global market, nation-state has to cooperate with transnational organizations because they have no other ways to protest the economic globalization. Some national taxes issues, the regulation of financial rules and the investment strategy cannot decide by nation-state alone. All of these issues make nation-state more and more weakening and threatened by globalization. In economics, the global economy is characterized by massive flows of money and capital across political boundaries. Integrated global finance markets shift billions of dollars around the world daily in a manner (Holton,R.J.). These changes have profoun d effect on nation-states foreign exchange, tax revenues, interest rate, the stability of currency, the employment level and the stock markets. Also the multinational companies improved by developed information technology and communications. These huge changes is undoubtedly challenge the nation-state develop. As I discussed above, those international institutions not only influence the nation-state sovereignty, but also control the national economic activities more or less. These international institutions like WTO, World Bank regulate the nation-state economy and then it will make their national foreign exchange and interest rate fluctuated; due to the increasingly multinational companies, they come into the national market and doing the international trade between other countries, the flow of capital and money impair their internal economy in some degrees. In addition, globalization makes people can migrant to other countries, this change influence the nation-state local labor ma rket, it may increase their unemployment rate because the flow of the labor market make the local market cannot keep balance. In market, when people look closely at the products and services, they can find most of them are not made by themselves. Thats the result of economic globalization, international trade makes nation-state lose their market share and influence their government income and GDP. In socio-cultural area, there are different views about the relationship between global culture and national culture. Global culture is the main part of globalization, like globalization, with the evolution of information technology and communication, predict the developing trend of global culture. Herbert Schiller(1976) advance that the global culture is a kind of cultural homogenization, also seen the global culture as the Americanization cultural imperialism. However, cultural globalization does not mean the Americanization or absolute homogenization (studa.net). In the process of cultu ral globally, there is connection between homogenization and heterogenization, like different nation-state have different consciousness towards the ecological culture and environment culture. Therefore, this kind of consciousness is the cultural heterogenization. For instance, you can buy KFC fast food in Beijing, you can listen the Madonna tape, but it does not mean you will give up the traditional culture of the nation-state. Americanization is a kind of diversification in cultural homogenization, America culture is the combination of different countries culture factors because America culture is a kind of immigrant culture (studa.net). Therefore, people cannot say that global culture is Americanization homogenization. In nation-state, there is a clash between the foreign culture and national culture. With expand of internet technology and communications, it creates the clash to nation-state, also bring the challenges. Firstly, it will generate the cultural war, this war is betwee n the English language country and non-English language country, in internet, people always can see lot of English language articles appearing in the national website. Therefore, some nations think it is necessary to protect their language culture. Then, the internet communication technologies originally come from USA, lot of multinational media companies dig other countries cultural resources and then act these as the commodity to sell. It means culture is becoming a kind of consumer goods, not the culture itself; it will create negative influence towards the nation-state traditional culture. Moreover, entertainment culture is the main feature of contemporary globalization (Hafez,K. 2007). Due to the media globalization and the evolution of communication technologies, entertainment culture has become the common and popular circumstances in this world. Film and Programme imports are the crucial part in every country. In nation-state, in their TV programme, it has lots of internation al programmes, people can get the information and learn the different countrys culture, however, if there are too many foreign programmes, it will influence the local peoples mind especially for younger people. It will make younger people ignore their national culture. Therefore, media globalization is also the key feature of the cultural globalization. Due to the evolution of communication technologies and the media globalization, it can spread the culture through these platforms to other countries. It make the culture become globally and increase the communications between different countries. Overall, globalization has profound influence on nation-state in political, economical and cultural fields. These three aspects both threatened the nation-state, it weaken their sovereignty and make their economic activities unstable and easy to undermine their national culture due to the cultural globalization. Nevertheless, not only economic globalization brings the challenges to nation-st ate, but also have some positive changes in nation-state through these influential factors. Globalization bring more chances to nation-state, nation-state still play the crucial role in todays world, it cannot easily destroyed or undermine by economic globalization. Positive effect on nation-state in globalization world Nation-state still has profound functions in todays global world, territory still the symbol of distinguishing nations, globalization creates many new political groups, but the nation-state still the most important political group in todays world. Globalization does not destroy the territory and sovereignty totally, only influence it. Although many international institutions existing in nation-state, the nation identity still play the dominant role in nation-state and they are decide the national rules and policies (news.xinhuanet.com). Economic globalization brings many chances to nation-state although it threatens in some ways. In national market, multinational companies give nation-state more benefits due to the international trade, it also enhance their national companys competitive advantages. It can bring more chance to trade with other international organizations. Then, more and more multinational companies, it can reduce their unemployment rate though it has many foreign labo rs. It can create more job vacancies to the nation-state labor market. Cultural unified is the main part as for nation-state, however, cultural globalization cannot guarantee the nation-state cultural unity. In one hand, cultural globalization threaten the national culture development, on the other hand, national cultural also integrate into the global culture. National still keep own cultural characters even better developed. Cultural communication is important to nation-state because they also need to improve their cultural weakness, nation-state can learn and absorb multinational culture to enhance their culture. Also other countries people can absorb and learn the nation-states cultural through cultural communication. It is a good way to promote their nations culture advantages, make more and more people know their nations. Overall, the evolution of globalization not only threatens the nation-state in some ways, there are more benefits which they can gain through globalization. Chances are more than challenges, nation-state has their policy to protect their country, it cannot easily be destroyed. Nation-state just needs to adapt to this economic globalization world in order to better develop their nations because globalization is the whole world phenomena it cannot reverse it. Conclusion In conclusion, from what I discussed above, economic globalization is the main trend in todays world, the world is become unity and closely. It has a long history since the appearance of early globalization, therefore, globalization is not a strange word in nowadays. The world is changing rapidly since the globalization become more and more dominant; it can be feel through the economical, political and socio-cultural aspects. These changes make people feel the world is a united world, people living in a common planet. Also as for nation-state, they have own nation characters and own living habits, culture habit and economic activities, nation-state is focus on their sovereignty, they try their best to protect their territory and sovereignty. However, the economic globalization cannot make nation-state feel safety forever. There is a drastic debate about the relationship between globalization and nation-state, some scholars indicate the globalization is demise the nation-state and thr eatened their sovereignty, the nation-state will be disappear after several decades. It still have other people state the globalization have profound influence on nation-state but not destroy it. As far as I know, I prefer the latter view, globalization plays the dominant role in todays world, however, it does not undermine the nation-state. It is the fact that the economic globalization brings both challenges and chances to nation-state, not only threat the nation-state, it still create some benefits for nation-state. It can be seen from political, economical and cultural areas. Although the appearance of international institutions like World Bank, IMF etc make nation-state feel the challenges towards their sovereignty and territory, it still have positive effect on nation-state. Due to the existing of these institutions and many multinational companies come into nation-state, it makes national economic activities become confusion, in some degrees, nation-state loses their power an d threats their local industry. Nevertheless, it also give nation-state more chance to develop them, multinational companies enhance and improve the international trade, make nation-state have more opportunities to develop their economics, also decrease their unemployment rate. In cultural aspects, nation-state also takes lot effort to maintain their cultural unity, however, cultural globalization make cultural integrate and spread to all over the world, it also shock the nation-state national culture. Moreover, due to the development of media technologies and internet widespread, every nations can see more and more TV programmes in television or through different broadcasting. Nation-state have more chances to widen their eyesight to absorb other countries culture and then it can improve their culture weakness. Overall, not only globalization threats the nation-state in some ways, but also give them more opportunities to develop and improve. It can be seen as opportunities more tha n challenges. Therefore, nation-state cannot undermine by globalization, it just change it in some areas. There is a close relationship between nation-state and globalization, they depend on each other.