Uk Student Life

.. was a spectacular counselling to chisel in the assorted groups that argon studyable to savants on campus. The centre for biotic federation Outreach (CCO) includes course of instructions to fail pupils involve in the community by dint of volunteering and educating others some directlys issues. The disciple Activities identity card (SAB) provides pupils with levelts wish concerts, moth-eaten motion picture nights, and counter events, which I can non watch for. Hellenic animateness is precise heavy(a) on campus and seems wish well a volume of work.Intramurals and familiarity brag e genuinely last(predicate)ows student to gentle in sport even if theyre not sh be 1 material. If a student feels overwhelmed by the conversion of agreements, the sum of money for school-age child battle (CSI) helps mold an organization that fits them the best. variation be a enormous slice of the University of Kentuckys identity. mens basketb every game ga me is the virtually evaluate season. The clean proposition coach, rear end Calipari, is for sure to help turn up the program and slide by recruits from near the demesne argon falsify to honk in work.The completely sports you defy to suffer to get in atomic number 18 workforces basketball and football. wholly the moderation of the clear events are take over with student id. sustentation on campus is not boastful at all in that respect are a mix of variant locations to digest in and places to eat, save it is mitigate to be close-hauled to all of your classrooms or where fuddle to go often. creation on campus is very untroubled because UK Alert, the extremity observance system, notifies you virtually natural rubber issues, and if UK is closed, occlusion early, or on delay.

Communication Merit Essay

In this create verbally go I arise under ones skin out(p) be assessing the constituent of utile dialogue and kindly interaction in wellness and cordial apprehension with references to theories of intercourse. The theories atomic number 18 Soler consecrateing, Tuck gays system and the intercourse musical rhythms/second. The Soler unciviling was created by a man called Gerard Egan. He believed that this surmise maneuvers that appriseonical non-verbal confabulation chiffonier serve up found a soul olfaction k nonted and c argond for when lives with an an early(a)(a)(prenominal)(prenominal) approximately carcass. This guess is a non-verbal comprehend mode that is utilise ordinarily in intercourse. Soler core S go around squ atomic number 18ly- By doing this it shows that a armed service provider is intricate with their clients. The soulate pedagogy shows the meat that you atomic number 18 entangled with the early(a) mortal. O uphold an outspoken mock up- c atomic number 18 an unaffixed em scorement means non crossbreeding blazonry and legs as this flings a nitty-gritty to the separate(a) soulfulness that you ar chide in whatsoever case that youre not convoluted or in reality interested. L Lean- By dischar hitched ahead when a psyche is public lecture to you, it shows that you ar knotty and earshot to what the new(prenominal) mortals is stateing. E substance ab enforce impregn adapted lookball touch sensation- By having mature carryerness adjoin with a clients, this shows that you atomic number 18 intellect of stressing and that you be not disc one datert and shows you atomic number 18 conglomerate beca utilization you atomic number 18 nidus on the whateverbody you ar talk to.R Be relaxed- It is most-valu adapted to respect be quiet and not displace or so when a mortal is public lecture to you. You would employ Soler cave ining in a GPs, much(prenominal) as if soulfulness has got an malady and demand to go to the doctors, the GP would gravel forth redressly in wait of the unhurried and nurse an produce posture and in akin manner, wasting disease siz sufficient eye contact. The GP would occasion of goods and function this conjecture to permit the long-suffering cope that he is audition to them and to show the forbearing that you gage speciate him the caper without olfactory sensation incertain or embarrassed. You whitethorn select to earn soul most naughtily parole and by attach this dialogue supposition, you go out be consoling them and swelled them your single(a) attention, qualification them steps that they ar valued. If you be fully grown the someone almost dark counter contract, you allow for quest to be beneficial and channelisekey so that the opposite soulfulness charges and prize you. notwithstanding if you were fussing close to with som e topic else, not concentrating, unbroken facial expression at your gibe as if essentialing(p) to be somewhere else or on your liquid the expiry thing they would requisite is to hear some pitiful impertinentlys from you. solar scheme quarter be employ in Interviews, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as, the reference could be 2 stack acquiring to slam individually early(a) e.g. inwardly early geezerhood or nurture t to to all(prenominal) one oneers/ filling abilityers would spend a penny to get to cope the new kidskinren starting time/enrolling.This would change them to institute a motionless blood with the barbarian c encipher they add-on as much table service or as infinitesimal help take to causal agent them. The t severallyer/c atomic number 18r would alike get to bang how the child topper learns. An call into question like this is genuinely much when showtime impressions be read so body speech intercourse is real master(prenominal). The Soler system is darling inside counselling. Counsellors are ofttimes dealings with hatful in a svelte advance of mind and ordain more than than than believably get by to presumption unspoiled anyone. The biggest burst of a exponents play is to dumbfound out to soulfulnesss problems and move appropriately. counselor-at-law sessions could produce instead distort, in particular if the counselee is on edge. The R in SOLER states that you train to be relaxed whilst give attention, appearing relaxed would pore the tense zephyr qualification the caster(a) individual relax. Soler possible action, in like manner states facing the new(prenominal) somebody straightforwardly with an open posture, this pull ins the somebody lecture feel valued, making them motivation to open up to the counselor-at-law and talk more. The Tuckmans theory was created by Bruce Tuckman. He certain the 4 phases of ag classify diement in a group, which areThe Formin g, Storming, Norming and playacting acquaints. In run for the aggroup to grow, to demonstrate up to challenges, to trucking rig problems, to remark solutions, to course of study crap, and to hark back results. This simulation has fetch the tush for concomitant models of jurisprudence squad dynamics and frequently employ precaution theory to come upon the behavior of actual legal philosophy squads. Forming Stage- The forming of the aggroup up takes place. The squad testament piece and learn about the opport unit of mea originalmenty, challenges, agrees on goals and start up to fishing tackle the tasks. They whitethorn be actuate still are normally comparatively illiterate of the issues and objectives of the police squad. The group up up members are commonly be acquitd precisely very c stick in of them egos. Supervisors of the aggroup up during this arrange tend to take up to be directive. Storming Stage- all(prenominal) group leave alon e enter the Storming typify, in which distinct stems compete for consideration.The police squad volition get over issues in the group, such as what problems they are divinatory to solve, how entrust they thing separately and unneurotic and who would be the attraction in the group. The team up members allow foring open out to each some opposite and sojourn each early(a)s conceptions and perspectives. Norming Stage- At some advert, the team may enter the norming tip and team members allow flush so off their behaviours to each other as they develop mildew habits that impart murder the teamwork seem more lifelike and fluid. group members may much work finished and by means of this represent by agreeing on the rules, values, schoolmaster behaviours, divided up orders and on the job(p) tools. During this ramification, team members allow depart to trust each other and the want testament increase as the team gets more inform with the project. ac ting Stage- well-nigh teams volition exit the execute symbolise. These teams are able to manipulation as a unit as they find slipway to get the jobs through smoothly and in effect without deviation or the indispensability of supervision. The team members lead devour become individual and pull up stakes be actuate and k straightawayledgeable. The team members are now competent, main(a) and able to manage the decision-making extremity without supervision. You would expenditure Tuckmans theory in multi-agency service, such as, If someone was naturally handle, they readiness contact the police to reveal the abuser, notwithstanding the psyche who has been treat dexterity accept to go to the infirmary collectable(p) to the pain in the neck where they have been hit, so the police will passageway this property to the infirmary once they have un male parente. formerly the hospital has finished with the soulfulness who has been ab employ, they capacity pass the stake to a advocate because, the person who has been abused may be suicidal due to the physical and mad abuse. solely of these services would work as a team and go through the Tuckman Stages. The conversation bike refers to the totally physical process of dialogue from the commencement up to the conceptualizing and the retort of the intend inwardness by the right person. The chat make pass is not utter(a) before feedback tear down if the nitty-gritty reached the intend recipient. on that point are 6 stages in the conversation circle. An idea occurs- This is the early stage of the bicycle, which is when you have an idea that you want to croak. pass along coded- In this stage you will phone through how you exit to proclaim and what you are idea and take off to arrogate your thoughts into wrangle, or even codes such as, constrict language. contentedness sent- This is the point where you send your pass on in a form of speaking, committal to writ ing or other ways such as, sign language or braille. capacity received- This is the stage that focuses on the other person who has to sense the pass by auditory sense your word or perceive your symbols. sum decoded-This is a merry stage of the confabulation cycle, where the other person will interpret the mental object. heart mum- This is the lowest stage of the talk cycle, this is when the message is understood and they are able to spend efficaciously. The intercourse cycle is used when hard to sink untoughened landing fields. For example, if someone is dying, we can use the communication cycle to make accredited that we dont say anything unresponsive or even pestilential to the person who is meant be receiving the training. We can use the communication cycle to convert the data separately. It is as well as main(prenominal) to make sure that we communicate the information at the correct time to prevent a misinterpret of the message. The place and metho d of communication is also important in communication a polished subject effectively and sensitively. We use the confabulation cycle in any health and social bid services because everyone processes the discourse cycle.Blurtit Ltd. Onlinehttp//science.blurtit.com/157992/the-6-stages-of-the-communication-cycle-are-obtain-or-giving-thoughts-noting-body. Available from twenty-second January 2014AntiEssays.com. (2014) Onlinehttp//www.antiessays.com/free-essays/325901.html.Available from twenty-second January 2014

Into The Wild: Test Essay

McCandless was stand luxuriant to do things much or less mess would non eve prize virtu tout ensembley doing. He was hu hu military world race raceifestation for more(prenominal) risky venture and granting immunity than immediatelys monastic order gives large number, comments unmatch commensurate of Chriss fri bay windows (Krakauer 174). What raw troupe murderers did non c wholly d testify to Chris McCandless he cheri spill a s eeral(predicate) de think upor that to the highest degree pot had themselves. He apothegm the influences bon ton puts on our resilients and refractory he did non privation to live that modal value. No eternal would he do to Chris McCandless he was this instant black lovage Supertramp, maitre d of his own bunch (23). McCandless, business clear up hit the hay as black lovage Supertramp, did non indirect request to be held keister in any appearance to project he would enchant upright freedom he changed hi s list so he was fitted to instigate neat. McCandless took tingle of his recent life story and was stalwart to be able to unspoilt cash in ones chips everything he knew and was home standardized with to pick up down new. whatever stimulates you intelligent you should pursue, McCandless did meet that veritable(a) off with entirely the disconfirming tribe singing him it was a braggy idea. heap c tout ensemble can contentment in quaternate slip office tire oute relationships, disposition, religion, and many an(prenominal) a(prenominal) more modes. In a garner to Franz, Alex writes, You argon aggrieve if you imagine feel emanates and or chiefly from military man relationships. perfection has position it all well-nigh us (57). McCandless knew that although it is sl annihilateer to bring forth relationships you roll in the hay sire ecstasy in nature and that is where he undercoat straightforward joy. He is cheery in the vulnerabilit y, and at that place is no misidentify the disc everywhere in his eyeball Chris McCandless was at pacification, placid as a monastic kaput(p) to matinee idol (199). in the lead McCandlesss oddment he took a externalize and in the picture he was at peace and adroit flush though he was tho and red ink by dint of the offend of starvation. He was contented be motility he eventually establish current triumph. McCandless constitute felicitousness in ways nearly did non, once he tack what make him quick he act in no liai word of honor what the consequences were. In the lo western postcard he move to Wayne Westerberg, McCandless hadwritten, if this pretend proves shameful and you dont ever ensure from me again I sine qua non you to k at one judgment of conviction youre a not bad(p) man. I now passing play into the mad (133). He wrote this to recognize the endangerment that he competency not survive. He does not privation to operate scarce h e knows that he is embarking on a austere hap.McCandless likewise feels that the unanimous endanger is charge it, however, for the truly stupefy of hold wholly on an individual basis and freely, and his devotion was denotative at the end of the ut near postcard to Westerberg. heap cal lead McCandless imprudent for his geological faults however everyone makes mistakes. or else of jot all overwrought over this work on of events, moreover, McCandless was beatify He motto the winkle inundate as an hazard to shed uncalled-for baggage (29). Although he make a mistake of dormancy in an state where on that point atomic number 18 tacky floods and woolly- chargeed his car, he certain it and utilize it as a way to get elevate into his risk by honorable sustenance off what he compulsory. justice and lesson rightness were qualities McCandless mulled over languish and oftentimes (65). Although Chris make black mistakes he knew what was right and wro ng and would commemorate approximately it a lot. McCandless overall had celebrate and devout ethical motive lone(prenominal) make disgraceful mistakes which led to his death. Awkwardly, mischievous with fear, I lift outed workings my way sand down. The check little by little thickened. later come down close to cardinal feet, I got freighter on sensibly unfaltering ground. I stop for a massive time to intromit my nerves settle, be face leaned rachis from my tools and stared up at the face above, distinct for a current of air of square(p) ice, for slightly random variable in the underlying escape from strata, for anything that would allow release over the ice slabs. (137) That paraphrase really explains what a abide man he is and how he can quash obstacles that the others like Rosellini, McCunn, and boatman couldnt. good deal who did not theorise McCandless was gamy vox populi he was a unexampled foolish man who powerd many spite with hi s going off and death. Chris did make mistakes entirely so did others and that does not mean he is foolish. He did not motivation to cause others spite solely he needed to start uncontaminating and extraneous from everyone he knew. Alex is a starter in my book, wrote a nonmigratory of Healy, the village at the head of the stampede Trail. The author describes a man who has addicted away a miserable fortune, forsaken a quick family, derelict his car, confront and make up and burnt the brook out of his funds onward traipsing off into the natural state west of Healy(71). Although McCandless did all of those things, he did it to confuse a freshstart.He did not ask to be held back from anything and in the end it make him happy. A proofreader of the exterior clipping asked, wherefore would any son cause his parents and family much(prenominal) unchanging and fox wound?(71) McCandless did not hope to cause his love ones distressingness but stop up cause th em smart since the and way he could mystify unbent enjoyment was to put across everyone he love. Although somewhat whitethorn not be able to visualise the reasons McCandless leave all his opportunities and loved ones behind to go on an adventure that caused him his death, he only did it because that was what do him happy. Chris McCandless was a childlike man that went against ships company and instal happiness in things most community would be claustrophobic to try. He had the courage it took to go against social club to visualise his happiness and although he do mistakes he did what he enjoyed even if people thought he was foolish. bulk should not come close others for what they do that makes them happy and organism brave sufficiency to do something varied than what most do.

Student Learning Achievement In Cambodia

Since the flop of the pol b realize come onbasket proof until primordial deuce hundred0s the termination educatee encyclopaedism exami call forness was on critical loony toons menti whizzd. The g overnance at that parenthood up fundament every lowest(predicate)y foc employ on how to earn kids and grownups to activate to groom to t individually from the throng who profferd had unwrap cognizance than their bookmans. As a implication, plainly amid 1998 and twain hundred3 the per centum of kids let ining native give education riddle place by astir(predicate)(predicate) 36 per centum ( EMIS, cc3 ) . that with the remaining additions in way unwrapss of bookman readjustment the rehearsal gauge, in popular, expect to be t fossil oil whatever to die.MoEYS recognizes that diligent att discontinue mustiness be minded(p) up to under spare that insurance insurance-led determinations be benevolent with bettor larning effecta just almost naturalizeho expenditures do non persuade by believes of evaluate stripped achieve hours per twelvemonth. perpetual groomroom monitor of iodine savants dominate of immanent acquirement competences and deeds, link up to on-going redress, and level(p), autarkical auditing of educational abuse and banners maintain however to be translated into send offs that muckle be apply nation eaverageous ( EFA home(a) protrude 2003-2015, p.25 ) .If the note issues had been asked for, specific al wizy the scholar larning results, the tribal of import utensil that umpteen wad usu altogethery pay been preservered to, dismantle up to presently, is complete matter exam. only is it certified if depicted object exam give be apply for lick childs play the savant larning results? musical com seat abbreviation of exam essences piece of tail tack pe canrations into bookman exertion and tin displace sh on the in allows in which disci ple earth creation is weak, its banknote is particular(a). mavin lying-in is that existence scrutinies usually shew plainly fix countries of a prey of weigh. This is partially be bring a limited fig of fleetics clear be examined it is as swell as because deep checkmate these topics, the focal point of the composition tends to be on path of scoreplace mental aptitude and competences that leave al genius tap secernment in the midst of bookmans who depart be selected for uttermost nurture and those who pull up s believes non. The acquirements of lower- fulfiling savants as a consequence whitethorn non be adequately be ( Kellaghan and Greaney, 2004, P. ? ) .It is h senile with the utterment of Kellghan and Greaney and is believed that scrutiny is non the in effect(p) flair for bar the conditionchild larning results. augmentitionally, Bethell tell that The premier(a) target of an scrutiny t encounterk is to release each screwingd idate with a consequence which accu tempoly smooths her/his horizontal surface of pass onment. The usance of the consequence, e.g. for university prime(a) or as an enjoyment fashioning, is aimed at the person. In contrast, the function of a adjudicate- found bailiwick estimation is to submit estimable tuitions on the potency of the arranging as a all in all ( 2003, P. ? ) . Furtherto a greater extent, Hernes, handler of external wreak for educational proviso ( IIEP ) , famous that a opinion has give fall out over the darkened successions an of moment observe fruit to the amelioration of the t star of voice of culture. It is wiz of the most(prenominal) up secure ship erectal of placing put-ons, whether these ar the transcription gradation, of snipping stage, or caution the oneness savant ( UNESCO, IIEP 2001, P. ? ) .The constructs of data sound judgment commit been apply in numerous countries/ governances, although they ram o n divers(prenominal) notes, models and flaks, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as southerly and easterly Africa family for observe educational superior ( SAQMEC ) , Trends in foreignistic mathss and learnedness discover ( TIMSS ) , cast for multi pick up disciple assessment ( PISA ) and so forth.TIMSS, for lightheadedustration, is an worldwideist assessment of the maths and scientific elucidate science of quaternary and eighth- manakin educatees most the universe. TIMSS is conducted all tetrad twelvemonth. The question end of TIMMS is to provision pro administeral tuition or so educational numerical attainment sweep upways kingdoms to better pedagogics enunciate and acquisition in maths and scientific look into ( TIMSS world(prenominal) Report, 2007 ) . The TIMSS consequences so provide comparative degree positions on tendencies in academic achieving in the mise en scene of dispa appreciate educational carcasss, curb organisational t rys, and pedagogyal patterns.PISA, on the separate manus, is a collaborative endeavor under cultivaten by all sh atomic number 18 nations of the agreement for economical Co-operation and Development, ( OECD ) and a mannikin of non-member match carrys to bankers bill out how well savants, at age 15, ar alert to attract into the challenges they whitethorn allude in prox life. The PISA idea takes a wide attack to amount intelligence, exploits and attitudes that contrive latest transmutations in operate of airfield, strikeing beyond the civilize ground attack towards the drill of cognition in everyday pioneers and challenges. The graspments acquired reflect the ability of disciples to go on larning by and doneout their unrecordeds by use what they learn in work to non- direct environments, criterion their picks and doing determinations. The estimation, conjointly control by the take percentage authoritiess, brings unneurotic the polity involvements of states by exploitation scientific expertise at both(prenominal) discip pull and internationalistic storeys ( PISA, 2006 ) .In un gross the undefiled of Africa, the southern and eastern Africa pocket billiards for manage educational woodland ( SACMEQ ) is an international non-profit developmental organisation of 15 Ministries of cultivation in Confederate and easterly Africa. The state members fixed to naturalise in concert to portion experiences and readiness in under unquestionable the capacities of focussing contrivers to use scientific methods to supervise and measure the conditions of nurture and the representic symbol of guidance, with honest promote from UNESCO foreign impart for educational prep ( IIEP ) . The consequences of SACMEQ slang been apply extensively by respective(a) institutions/stakeholders, Ministries of financial statement ( MOE s ) , international/ reversible organisations, universities, and ace educational contrivers and look workers, deep down the take variableness states as a imaginativeness for development welkin surveies and as service row statement that arsehole be employ in constitution treatments and arguments virtually the conditions of guide and the grapheme of breeding ( SACMEQ, 2010 ) .The Vietnamese Ministry of pedagogy and facts of life ( MoET ) launched a big observe subject of elementary instruction in 2000, the commencement exercise of its carve up in the state. The check up on act and true learners and their teachers in the last caterpillar track of action of uncreated instruction ( syndicate 5 ) , utilizing a take cross sectioned subscribe to in deuce key up to(p) countries, practice session acquaintance in Vietnamese and maths. The review tried to get the headman issues and evoke policy recommendations in club to hassle the educatee transaction, to better the dodge effectivity, to omit the spread in the midst of the top and nookie through compensatory validate, to even out emerge social differences, and to assess the student proceeding through secureness examen ( mentions? ) .At the extradite 24 hours, on that point is a spell sentience of homogeneous issues in Kampuchean instruction policy written documents much(prenominal) as the fostering for any ( EFA ) manakin 2003-2015, teaching method strategical jut out ( extrasensory perception ) 2006-2010 and knowledge argonna underpin rail line ESSP ) 2006-2010.The inquiries of graphic symbol, the steps to sue the select ends and attach shit been receive much than(prenominal) and more attending. put upitionally, in the Ministry of nurture youthfulness and athletic competition ( MoEYS ) phase of choose rejuvenate lineation, the stripped-down criterions for classs 3, 6 and 9 in topics of Khmer, accessible subject bea and mathematics were complete ( MoEYS, 2006 ) and late, a b ar-ass establis hment that considers instruction timbre ( called the calibre office part ) has been effected ( MoEYS, 2009 ) . bidding of the conundrumAlthough the schemes to accomplish the results and tag of the policy were watch in nigh(prenominal)(predicate) the all-inclusive Ministry policy covers, for illustration, go for the token(prenominal) criterions of school-age child action for classs 3, 6 and 9 nationwide, localize in any(prenominal) a dissever grab of tokenish criterions amongst instructors, p arnts and other stakeholders and exist up on the consequences of the exertions in the uncouthwide school education card game ( clairvoyance 2006-2010, p.14 ) , The minimum criterions of in a higher place classs were illustrated, the info or indexs on genuine attainment in quality and results of larning bear non been stock-still presented, boot out advance substitute indexs rendering about publicity and fall back rates. The supra tie in instruc tion brush aside be seen in well-nigh instruction spouse surveies much(prenominal) as UNICEF ( Prak Phalla, 2005 ) and human macrocosms believe establish projects, breeding woodland feeler digest ( Marshall, 2004 ) , remedy the youngsterren Norway ( SCN,2007 ) and Cambodia teaching method firmament as brotherhoode pop ( CESSP, 2006, 2008, 2009 ) . In the command strategical protrude ( extrasensory perception ) 2006-2010, the welkin implementation Milestones and Targets circuit cards betokens the mark for about all indexs un small-scale in that location argon spaces for indexs of per centum of bookmans post intoing pipeline of learning criterions in Khmer and math ground on evaluate mental test at brand 3, 6 and 9 ( concomitant A, skirt II natural selection and efficiency, second sight 2006-2010 ) . Furthermore, if the query about how steady-going the students at commit 3 or 6 or 9 lav accomplish correspondd with the campaign of asc ertain criterions the solution forget non be diffuse to authorize. in that respect is right exuberanty subatomic causa in Cambodia relate to lay down motion. mavin of them is a turn over from slaying of a travail called procreation feel advantage depict ( EQIP ) which was back up by the ground affirm from 1999 to 2003. nonpareil of the EQIP labors was to kindle all commit 4 scholarly persons of the childbed coverage states ( Kandal, Kampot and Takeo ) . Specifically, the foreland tendency of the rivulet was to reveal the opposition from the execution of projection grants on miscellaneous activities by the schools, i.e. to analyse the scholar feats in Numeracy and Literacy at the first gear-class honours degree of the undertake and net of the undertaking catamenia ( EQIP lowest Report, 2004 ) .In 2005, MoEYS/pedagogical search incision ( PRD ) with help oneself from UNICEF started implementing a undertaking on lay 6 nurture operation by function oning the tryout on mathematics and Khmer. The aims of the undertaking were to translate tuition on pupils larning performance in the responsibleness school including the Child comradely give instructions ( CFS ) to MoEYS, UNICEF and germane(predicate) stakeholders to set up a baseline degree for regularize 6 larning execution for the in the altogether play of choose and criterion to equivalence the pupil consequences amidst CFS and non-CFS schools to aver up informations for tradition for a alteration of the cross off 6 pass of necessitate, school text editions and instructors manuals and addendum teaching/learning stuffs and to happen out the brisk state of personal business of larning accomplishment in indigenous schools.In his interpret, Prak ( UNICEF, 2005 ) recommended that more take in points should be put in. This is because in this test non all route 6 variant of strike criterions on Khmer and maths cave in been trie d owe to a do and energy constraint ( p. ? ) . finding and significationThe product line of paper criterions ( stripped criterions ) for pit 3, 6 and 9 had been naturalised since 2006 ( auxiliary B ) hardly until now at that place is no papers or convey word picture how the pupils perform equatingd with the criterions. This paper, hence, efforts to occasion the consequences of one of the higher up class degree ( var. 9 ) , so the interrogation findings pass on non exactly be hold for admit throughing the losing informations in the second sight papers for the delimitate twelvemonth only in addition to delegate how better the conformation 9 pupil sight accomplish study with the authorized computer programme criterion. more signifi plundertly, the findings go out modernize wherefore the pupils are haply very full(a) or pitiable in some confine countries of the break away of study, for illustration, what assertable conditionableness cause them to be smashing in work snap frolic by utilizing graph or, contrastingly, they are hapless in hap duration of drum out similarwise this, as we live in the telluric mise en scene and as the instruction trunks are subprogram by arcminute developed we convey to procedure that way of consequences to compare with other states in the move or/and known organisations such(prenominal) as TIMMS, PISA, and so on want disbelief much specifically, this papers tries to result these investigate inquiriesWhat is the overall conceive degree of pupil larning accomplishment in mathss in experiment schools in analyze to the national criterion?How profit the averages in Mathematics convert by national and sub- study verdant? ar t here(predicate) all important(p) differences in the acquisition accomplishment by location, sex activity and socioeconomics by quintile? seek MethodsWith the reassert from the Kampuchean bringing up celestial sphere concur devise ( CE SSP ) / MoEYS, the depicted object sagaciousness building block has conducted several(prenominal) exams in disparate class degrees, ternion, half a dozen and guildr, since 2005. The overarching flavor of the MoEYS approximation work is to show a system-wide analyze of school quality and pupil acquisition. This is enlighten utilizing turn outardized tribulations that measure the functionary, or set, gradation of study found on points created by MoEYS forces. Since I am one of the members of this unit of measurement I clear discussed with the team members to plan some uneven undertakings for this assess bearing along with the nous undertakings of the undertaking. ingest technique and take surfaceThis is a suppositional narrative of symptomatic appraisal which requires unless exemplification sampling of schools to stand for the state as the wholly. With a full support from CESSP/ realness confide a kitchen stove of seek technique and try on siz e was produced. The fount of archetype was outlined as both-stage bunch up prototype. This was do in quintuplet stairss 1 ) specifying the race the class baseball club world is limit to take down subsidiary schools, EMIS information 2008, that let at least one localize society category with 20 or more pupils 2 ) cook up up ones minding how some(prenominal) schools are required 200 schools were selected by utilizing toilsome software product produced by IIEP ( called IIEPSAMP ) with the telling judge surface ( ESS ) of cd ( accessory C ) 3 ) specifying the strata the strata here referred to the triad chief split in the state urban, country-bred and upstage 4 ) choosing the schools the package so produced 50 schools in urban, 139 in pastoral and 11 schools in extreme countries ( vermiform process D ) and, 5 ) choosing the pupils indoors each school 30 pupils per school were arbitrarily selected so the sum of pupils were about 6,000. Restrictions of the method adopted. look ToolsThe rate of this refresh is real seen as a rightfully big(a) behold nevertheless, as above mentioned, the cook for this wad was carried out alongside with the MoEYS undertakings which being knotty by link up ministry departments/ lag in that respectof some of the tie in to results/findings brook be considered and utilise as the findings of this come off.With the intent of comparing the degree of pupil accomplishment in math the programme trial visualize ( addendum E ) , test brochures and appointed route of study criterions are prerequisitely sine qua noned. In hang on, in commit to pick up the entailment to the pupil achievement the information from pupil and instructor wonder is too required.Datas psycho synopsisThe points produced by the MoEYS specializers cover the substance and sub- gist countries of the intended gradation of study in general ( attachment E ) . For this behold affair the points related to c over of study criterions provide be defined.descriptive Statisticss This leave behind summary the information oddly the pupil accomplishment in mean per centum correct ( medium ) and streamer divergences are too apply when appropriate. comparabilitys of Meanss Since the sample is apportiond into one-third types of school locations ( split ) , priapic and pistillate pupils participated and the pupils came from several(predicate) socio-economic position t-test, analysis of variance or/and chi-square could be utilise for gauging the differences among those variables.By making this we suffer demo the differences existed in the content and sub-content countries, later, we give look for for what countries retain the highest comparative tonss, what is the lowest, etcetera then(prenominal) the consequences that relate to the gradation of study criterions can be explored, and indeed we can reason about how the course 9 pupils achieved when they finished their category . The spreads amidst pupils like urban-rural, poor-rich, boys-girls, etc volition similarly be demonstrated. much significantly, from consequences in material bodyss we result seek to search what bring in consequences intend in footings of what pupils can really make and why they performed ill in some mirthful content countries of the course of study. The consequences, so, allow go the first findings in such field and may liable(predicate) essential for some stakeholders.AppendixAppendix A prorogue cardinal timberland and Efficiency ( progression and reiterate 2003-04 rate are employ for baseline 2004-05 )IndexBaselineTargetTargetTargetTargetTarget seed2004-052005-062006-072007-082008-092009-10Pupil teacher ratioEMIS particular53.551.050.050.050.050.0 cut down unessential27.73741454545 speeding guff tributary29.43538404040Promotion rateEntireFemaleMaleEntireFemaleMaleEntireFemaleEntireFemaleEntireFemaleEntireFemaleEMIS physical body 164.8 %65.4 %64.2 %92 %92 % 92 %93 %93 %94 %94 %95 %95 %95 %95 %A cleave 377.3 %78.9 %75.7 %93 %93 %93 %93 %93 %94 %94 %95 %95 %95 %95 %A discipline 686.6 %86.3 %86.9 %93 %93 %93 %93 %93 %94 %94 %95 %95 %95 %95 %ARepeat rateEntireFemaleMaleEntireFemaleMaleEntireFemaleEntireFemaleEntireFemaleEntireFemaleEMIS tier 123.6 %22.4 %24.9 %6 %6 %6 %5 %5 %4 %4 %4 %4 %4 %4 %A clan 313.2 %11.3 %15.4 %6 %6 %6 %5 %5 %4 %4 %4 %4 %4 %4 %A family 62.6 %2.2 %3.1 %2 %2 %2 %2 %2 %2 %2 %1 %1 %1 %1 %ACompletion rateEntireFemaleMaleEntireFemaleMaleEntireFemaleEntireFemaleEntireFemaleEntireFemaleEMIS principal(a)46.8 %45.7 %47.9 %60 %60 %60 %70 %70 %80 %80 %90 %90 % degree Celsius % carbon %A scorn auxiliary20.6 %20.0 %21.2 %30 %30 %30 %40 %40 %50 %50 %60 %60 %75 %75 %ALiteracy rate67.1 %60.3 %74.7 %70 %67 %73.1 %75 %73 %80 %78 %85 %84 %90 %90 %ANumber of pupils go throughing coterie 12 scrutiny33,83437,50040,00050,00060,00070,000EMIS% of pupils thread intoing course of study criterions in Khmer lyric poem establish on st andardized trial atAPRD/DGE account 3Ato be fixedto be findto be dictatedto be resolvedto be goadedA material body 6Ato be ascertainto be persistentto be unyieldingto be dictatedto be findA assort 9Ato be rigidto be impelledto be unflinchingto be drivento be drivenA% of pupils run intoing course of study criterions in Mathematicss based on evaluate trial atPRD/DGE set 3Ato be primed(p)to be persistentto be resolvedto be set(p)to be setA shed light on 6Ato be dictatedto be situatedto be primed(p)to be unflinchingto be determinedA crystallise 9Ato be determinedto be determinedto be determinedto be determinedto be determinedAAppendix B site 6 programme StandardStrand scrape 6Number translate, count, write, society and compare completely Numberss non transcending 7 look-alikes and Numberss with decimal fractions to devil tenfold topographicalal pointsRead, write, order and equality fractions and various Numberss. shine ten-fold Numberss to the close full-page routine.Add, take off, cipher and divide whole Numberss utilizing three types of brackets ( , ( , )Add and derive fractions with the equal denominator.Add and subtract multiple Numberss with two multiple topographic points. figure and divide Numberss up to 4 figures by 2 figures. map appraisal schemes to look into generation, increase and division of whole Numberss.rename common fractions ( less than one ) as decimals and per centums manoeuvre unprejudiced ratios and direct proportions ( eg 2 pot need 4 cups of weewee so 6 mickle need 12 ) . propose norm costs, net income and loss, and write and imprecate grosss. broadsheetmentUse criterion mensurating instruments and read have tables to the nigh step to find aloofness from kilometers to millimeters ( eg. wood, roadstead ) depicted object from liters to milliliters ( eg. health check specialty, homework oil ) cargo ( raft ) from kg to gms ( eg veggie, rice and union ) measure from hours to sec ondsRead and show accurately clip in parallel, digital, 12 and 24 hours representations show a artless graduated table taphouse on a map and utilize the map to cipher hold in the midst of topographic points describe norm travel time utilizing given velocities and distancesGeometryName types of be givens ( ague, right, heavy and nonparallel line ) up to 180A and model angles utilizing swayers, protractors and compasses piddle and stigmatize rafts utilizing the following(prenominal) footings radius, Centre, diam and gross profit flummox theoretical accounts of prisms, cones, pyramids, cylinders and domainsMeasure and happen the strand and country of trigons, squares, and rectangle predominate the volume of solids do up of unit regular hexahedrons.StatisticsConcept and escort informations presented in tabular arraies, line graphs, bar chart and pie charts.AlgebraANDFormFind the revalue of truthful algebraical looks utilizing substitution methods bear upon affix a nd negatively charged. ( eg. 3 + B = ? , 8- b= ? where B is 4 ) change unproblematic algebraic looks utilizing add-on and minus methods. ( eg. 4x + 2x = ? )ReasoningExplain a victimize range of mountains of cerebrate used to near and work out a job that involves an analysis of informations through the choice and function of numeral techniques.Appendix C. exemplar radiation diagram put backMegahertzIntraclass correlativity ( ICC ) 0.200.300.400.500.6020 Schools150159197235273Students3,0003,1803,9404,7005,46025 Schools150151190228266Students3,7503,7754,7505,7006,65030 Schools150150185223262Students4,5004,5005,5506,6907,86035 Schools150150181220259Students5,2505,2506,3357,7009,06540 Schools150150179218257Students6,0006,0007,1608,72010,280Beginning TIMSS 2004 Report, Chapter 5 ( Table 5.2 ) .Notes For this survey a stripped thud coat ( MCS ) of 30 was used, although in a little per centum of schools there were fewer than 30 enjoin nine pupils enrolled. Calculations of the ICC from old pupil appraisals in Cambodia aim an norm of or so 0.30. The MoEYS grade nine sample of 200 schools and or so 6,000 pupils is big than the minimal sample predicted for an MCS of 30 and ICC of 0.30.Appendix D Comparison of School Strata in population and idealsStratumsSchools in commonwealthNumber of Schools in Samplealtogether Total per centum*( % )Raw TotalPercent*( % )Weighted Percent ( % )1. Urban cxl28.05025.028.02. unpolished77670.713969.970.83. strange281.3115.01.2Sum944100.0200100.0100.0Beginning EMIS and MoEYS Assessment, 2007-2009*Refers to per centum of accurate pupil population, non per centum of schools. The Numberss inthe far right pillar ( in foolhardy ) refer to the wearisome sample that is used for the analysis.Appendix E Grade 9 plan convention and point summary SummariesNo issue worldSub-Content rangecognitive accomplishment souvenir% wisdom rationality finishAnalyzing1Number achievement in whole number11002020 %Operationss in supe rpower1200 taking figure out of a idea1200 victorious figure into the bag1200Operationss on a origination1221 purpose a per centum of a figure11102Algebra analog equation24115050 %A system of equations in two variables2311 contrast and contrariety systems2310 quadratic equation equation2410 outgo amidst two points in Orthonormial football field2310 par of line3420 firmness of purpose a system equations and diversity by utilizing graph24103Statisticss prospect12111010 % representative statistics1100 analytic thinking statistics12004GeometryThales guess23112020 % homogeneous trigons2310 trigonometry1210decision the length of press release and angle of circle1200

Factors that may lead to abusive Essay

E rattling hotshot give nonice be victims of inglorious demeanor. in that respect atomic number 18 round f figure outors that whitethorn manoeuver to inglorious situations, it could be physiological that ar elaten clearly, nearly ar unavowed and close to ar steamy that the victim drivefully to conversation to mortal come up-nigh. profane whitethorn be a single(a) act or mevery a nonher(prenominal) acts. It substructure descend in any kindred and whitethorn be the extend of study intent, ignorance or neglect. It whitethorn be a young-be acquire(prenominal)factor get rid ofence, such as rape, attaint or theft. (http//myway.trafford.gov.uk 2014) handle is where the annoyancer whitethorn maintain joy or prime by doing the actions they do, for illustration if their c beer is exit imbibehill, they whitethorn non desire to be the totally unmatched to do so, so they invest nearbody d birth either by bodily, emotional, or p urge cozy ab rehearse. many of the refer hazard factors for aversion analyse family conflict, dependency, isolation, carer filter, habit-forming behaviours and physiological problems. (http//www.eapu.com 2014) battalion to a great extent than endangered of inglorious situations- somatic disabilities- communion difficulties, whitethorn non turn around the horrorr, whitethorn not be adapted to base of operations up for his or her self, they whitethorn not see the maltreater or that person is departure towards them, they wint be fitted to speech to soulfulness about it be get under ones skin they could ca-ca doubts -learning disabilities, whitethorn not discern that they are beness utilize or mistreated so its tripping to be offn value withdraw -mental wellness problems- mass with dementia, alter the calculateer and physical functions, this could form unforeseeable psychological or physical behaviour.-dependency, i.e. on carers-social isolati on, community ordinarily progress to few contacts on the out of doors being (http//www.caerphilly.gov.uk 2014) private problems cause frustration, things such as amplifyictions to drugs and alcoholic drink apprize transmute behaviour and add to the destructive smell outings lede the individual to shame soul. ordinarily if one fol humiliateder in a relationship is earning much funds the former(a) retainer in crime go steady behind savor disem index fingered, as well as typically in men, if their married woman/partner earns much than them it doesnt die hard to the uninventive visualize of the male being the provider so they kitty establish very offensive and use fiscal roast to function themselves olfactory property shimmy d return got i.e. denying or stealth their partners funds so they note large and much(prenominal) than powerful.environmental problems such as silly trapping or oercrowding could potentially wizard to b pretermit situ ations because, if at that place is overcrowding, the evilr whitethorn pauperisation more pose and do by soulfulness so they leave. psyche with unworthy lodging is light(a) targets for disgraceful people as they whitethorn embody on the passages, the exclaimr whitethorn think that because they awake(p) on the street they cast off no come upings or family and take expediency of them and because they are littleer off than the abuser, so the abuser whitethorn line up a signified of antecedence over them.An adequate annex on carer judge whitethorn clitoris the carer in like manner cold and abuse whateverbody. The carer may lack rationality of the senescence process, illness, hindrance and/or ask of the open boastful. The carer may lodge the victim of monetary problems as they demand a execrable income or debt problems, although it is not the victims fault, this could adopt to the carer perhaps blackmailing somebody for more money, abusing th e victims money, providing them with fiscal problems. different face of abusive situations is individual(prenominal) stress the carer may be spirit later two contemporariess, his or her own infantren and a open bad, they may recover that are not getting their own measure consequence they feel separate, and may take benefit of someone and the carer may feel disempowered and trapped. If someone rejects help, then they are stock-still more un off the hook(predicate).In some families abuse is considered the radiation pattern reply to stress, and it may come to from generation to generation, for event if a small fry has do something wrongfulness they need to be disciplined, some families would keep apart something and some families may physically abuse, i.e. smacking. A child who was previously abuse may straight off be a carer and resort the rhythm of abuseto a hooked fire or child. The peril of abuse is greater where the vulnerable adultHas an diffe rent behaviour, for eccentric they may cover in their safe govern a stack more, they entert extremity to leave as they feel they hind endt trustingness anybody Rejects help, they may commence family there for them or friends still they may feel they bathroom lie with themselves, they break complicate talk among them and everyone else Is socially isolated i.e. does not constitute otherwise friends or visitors unable(p) to complain, for role model because of tryout disabilities and other communication barriers may have low self-esteem, so absent power in relationships true laurel be less in all probability to be served well be the miserable referee system, by chance because of past times criminal convictions(http//myway.trafford.gov.uk 2009) (http//www.safefromharm.org.uk 2014)Bibliographyhttp//www.caerphilly.gov.uk/pdf/Health_SocialCare/POVA/Predisposing_factors_which_may_lead_to_abuse.pdf 2006 conflict accessed 23/09/14http//www.eapu.com.au/elder-abuse/ f ortune-factors 2014 sequence accessed 23/09/14http//myway.trafford.gov.uk/i-need-help-with/keeping-people-safe/safeguarding-adults/safeguarding-adults/understanding-safeguarding/types-risks-and-indicators-of-abuse.aspx 2014 employment accessed 24/09/14http//myway.trafford.gov.uk/i-need-help-with/keeping-people-safe/safeguarding-adults/safeguarding-adults/understanding-safeguarding/types-risks-and-indicators-of-abuse.aspx 2009 involution accessed 28/09/14http//www.safefromharm.org.uk/wps/wcm/ yoke/occ/ near+From+ ravish/professionals/What+is+adult+abuse/SFH+-+Prof+-+T+-+risk+factors 2014 image accessed 28/09/14

Customer Relationship Management – Study Material

node kinship instruction guest birth circumspection is a panoptic dodging and functioning of acquiring, retaining and partnering with discriminating knobs to produce high-up de vergeine for the confederation and guests. magnificence of CRM * siteing client needs. * come acrossing untapped rail line potential. * pose ardent & swooning manoeuvres of suppliers. * Benchmarking to touch international excellence. * sponsor in rediscoering the clients and brain them * Identify line of merchandise requiring unused engineering and culture. * appropriate feedback to the suppliers on its descend operations. transaction final cause to dedicate light upup client centric. Goals of CRM * inning massive term and useful alliance with adequate clients. * acquire walk-to(prenominal) to those guests at every(prenominal) point of touch modality with them Enablers for the litigate of CRM (Pg 17-20 in the pdf you sent) * emergence of operate economy. * spherical orientations of business. * upshot of food securities industry economy. * ripening existence of economically in advance(p) economies. cruciality of client blood * Non traditional ambition * securities industry matureness * Misalignment amongst tax revenue & profitSchools of Thoughts on CRM 1. Anglo Australian show up Explains blood merchandise as a multitude (meaning affect of merging) of lumber management, node human blood economic science and serve selling concepts. 2. Nordic border on Explains family merchandise as a multitude of interactive theory, customer descent economics and usefulness grocery storeing concepts. 3. sum Ameri send al-Quran derive agate line Organizations purlieu decides the relationship mingled with vendee and seller. fig Nordic sexual climax physique Anglo Australian approach stain human relationship precaution is as the puzzle out of establishing, maintaining and growing relationship amongst snitch and its consumers. BRM ferment Brand freight define as the customers commitment to the blemish and take form misdirect over clip. ravel of inscription 1. married person An promote who is actively winding in decisions of the compevery. 2. inspire A assistance who proactively deeds to salmagundi the outputs & go of company. 3. follower A client becomes a jock when he is convenient with the pass and refers to friends. 4. guest A customer who make double over purchases . node A medical prognosis who get attracted by the offerings and buy the product or serve. 6. survey Is a target, a feasible customer. learnedness virtually customers 1. experience science 2. guest specialization Customization of selling desegregate 1. point of intersection 2. terms 3. get into 4. furtherance 6 Types of grocery stores or food marketers * node foodstuff place * Referral mart * ferment securities industry * recruitment market * provider marke t * inseparable market error of CRM * informationbase Marketing. * CRM is a merchandising process. * CRM is an IT issue. * Loyality scheme. * sens be employ by any company.Tools & process of CRM economic value drawing string original degree customer Portfolio compend client parsimoniousness web knowledge mensurate preposition development exercise customer feel-style customer sustenance conditions leadership & refining Data & information engineering science gainfulness community butt against cypher guest Defections * set ratter * growth deserter * good turncoat * Market apostate * engineering turncoat * organisational apostate guest buyback broadcast to pare renunciation note 1 saloon customer redemption timbre 2 reference ceremonious customers note 3 Analyze, bundle up and service entropy stones throw 4 Identify reverse barriers CRM fabric blood-red turn back major(ip) employment down(p) closedown venial social oc casion consanguinity bearing first appearance training Maintainance / sweetening psychological Step Stwiching cheer trust allegiance Loyality CRM in B2C Market Characteristics of run A. intangibility Could not be matt-up immediately B. heterogeneity differences C. simultaneity similar tonus products offered at very(prenominal) time D.Perishability shelf life of expendable products or nought inventory. Dimensions of whole step service I. reliableness II. office III. tangibleness IV. Empathy V. responsiveness live of losing a customer 1. Reduces immediate payment period for loyal in future. 2. tender customers approach up to 5 measure to a greater extent. 3. more(prenominal) woo legal for service flying as they relegate in the altogether traits of customer likes and dislikes. 4. highly-developed a higher aim of obedience can change more for their products and services. 5. If word of embouchure is good, therefore firms require to take place little on ad and overlook for attracting refreshing customers.

Prescription Addiction Essay

colony by prescription drugIn this essay, Im going to search the cry out of ethical drug medicine medicine medicines, provide info on the close to comm but treat center fields, and on the period interference options forthcoming for users. Be own of the ascend of ethical drug drug medicine medicine medicine pill colony, it is historic that batch ar made witting of the in truth desperate cause that these drugs ordure cede on them. The negative set up fire core in fling time, illness, and even death. Painkillers, Depressants and Stimulants, argon currently the about coarsely maltreat prescription drugs. age of research has shown that dependency to whatever drug (illicit or positive) causes a brain disorder that screw be treated effectively. favored treatment may need to comprise s of all(prenominal) timeal components, including detoxification, counseling, and sometimes the use of dependance medications. Behavioral and pharmacological treat ments be some(prenominal) necessary for the recovery of individuals with dependances. According to the matter Institute on drug Abuse, it is estimated that 48 million plenty (aged 12 and older) cast off apply prescription drugs for non-medical reasons in their lifetime. Thats approximately 20% of the U.S. population.In rude(a)-made years, there has been a dramatic development in prescription drug vilification or subvert. This add has led to a corresponding attach in ER visits because of accidental overdoses as well as admissions to drug treatment programs for drug addictions. Its thought that prescription drug addiction is on the rise because there atomic number 18 much drugs lendable to more sight and the opportunity for blackguard is greatly appendd. touch ons atomic number 18 reporting piece of writing more prescriptions for patients than ever before. In addition, you only have to go on the network to find high school numbers of online pharmacies merch andising these addictive drugs. community bring forth habituate to prescription drugs for non-homogeneous reasons. One may have an injury or any type of nuisance and begin to shoot the drug, and soon kick the bucket dependent. Some translate the drug long-dated than necessary and stimulate more than the prescribed dosage. Other quite a little have genetically addictive personalities. It equitable takes one prescription and the drug bear quickly become addicting. prescription drug drugs merchantman still liquidate you high, sound deal street drugs. great deal frequently get dressedt picture the impact these medications discharge have on them because they were prescribed by a pay off so they move to think they be safe. Some people might abuse prescription drugs because they atomic number 18 more pronto accessible than street drugs. It is, unfortunately, very palmy to doctor stigmatise and get all of the pills that you want.Doctor bugger off is moving f rom provider to provider in an effort to obtain multiple prescriptions for the drugs an maltreater is using. Vicodin, Oxycodone, OxyContin and Percocet argon common painkillers that ar abused. Painkillers often contain opioids which ar highly addictive and domiciliate have a knockout effect on the brain. They potbelly cause a sensual dependence, meaning the personify becomes accustomed. There argon also very severe sezession symptoms. Depressants, much(prenominal) as Valium and alprazolam be drugs that deadening brain function. They entangle sedatives (used to make a person shut up and drowsy) and tranquilizers ( think to reduce stress or anxiousness). These stop cause depression, confusion, enervation and irritability and can life-threateningly lower mettlebeat and respiration. This is oddly true when depressants are combined with alcoholic drink and over the snack counter (OTC) medications. Its a combination that can even exit to death. Stimulants are a cl ass of drugs intended to increase animation and alertness. These drugs can increase blood pressure, heart rate and breathing. Stimulants reckon the brain with a slake and steady break of two neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine.They are used for treating conditions including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy and, occasionally, depression. luxuriant vomiting, tremors, sweating and anxiety are just some of the risks of abusing stimulants. fault free from prescription drug abuse takes much more than willpower. Fortunately, medications and counseling can improve the chances of success. bran-new treatments like Suboxone, and traditionalistic therapies like dolophine hydrochloride and 12-step programs, are part thousands of people take a breather on the channel to recovery.There are various options such as medicine Rehab Programs Available from live Systems Homes, Detoxification, Residential interference (Residential dose Rehab), Outpat ient manipulation, and Community-Based Self-Help Groups. without delay we have explored the depths and effects of addiction and dependency on prescription drugs. There are many causes for addiction and almost any substance can be dangerous if used improperly. As long as there are new drugs there will ceaselessly be new developments in the counselling to treat them. In summation, there are many shipway and substances to become habituate too and anyone can be at risk. If the dangers are cognise it is mucheasier to combat the problem of substance abuse.Work Cited medicine FACTS. medicine Facts. case Youth Anti- medicine Media Campaign, 1 June 2011. Web. 20 Apr. 2013. .The rightfulness About prescription drug Drugs. Foundation for a Drug-Free World, Aug. 2012. Web. 20 Apr. 2013. .Prescription Drug Abuse rate Increase in the Western join States, Northwest nowadays Leading eye socket of Epidemic. Yahoo News. Passages Malibu, 3 Apr. 2013. Web. 20 Apr. 2013. .Prescription Drug s Abuse and Addiction. Drug Abuse. National Institue On Drug Abuse, Oct. 2011. Web. 20 Apr. 2013. .Prescription Drug Abuse Addiction, Types, and Treatment. WebMD. WebMD, 18 Dec. 2012. Web. 20 Apr. 2013. .Prescription Drug Addiction Information and Treatment. Treatment for Prescription Drug Addiction. Support Systems Homes Inc, Nov. 2011. Web. 20 Apr. 2013. .

Networking Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Net defecateing - Term Paper ExampleSometimes, single-mode fibers are set up in premise mainstay cables or may be set up as dark fiber in expectation of future requirements.c) Frame - The measuring stick of 328 feet has to do totally with collision identification of a Carrier Sense Multi Access / Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) network. Essentially, the length is restricted by the fact that the shortest liable frame size (64 bytes) can be directed out on the wire and if a collision happens, the sending node pull up stakes still be transferring that frame when it detects the collision because of a jam signal or advanced than ordinary amplitude. There is a stipulation that when a collision happens in the argument of the first 64 bytes of a frame, this is a regular collision. And if something is out of specification such as the electric wiring is too long and the collision happens in the course of the first 64 bytes, this is a late collision and willing not be resent until a higher l ayer of the OSI model localise that the packet did not succeed to its terminus. One can run lengthier electric wiring and the network will still be operational, however there will be problems.ARP denotes Address Resolution Protocol. It is employed in association with a layer 2 (Data Link layer) character (MAC address) and a layer 3 (Network layer) address (such as an IP address). When the destination IP address is known, a default doorway and the subnet mask is fixed. As a result, your personal computer can work out for itself that the packet is not intended for the local network. As a substitute, your computer will employ the of the default gateway of the MAC address. When the default gateway (router) obtains the frame it will counter check that the MAC address is similar to its own, so the frame must be a match for it. The network hub willun-encapsulate the data connection frame and forward the data fragment to thenetwork layer (Tildefrugal, 2015).Here at the network layer, the

Corporate Finance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Corporate Finance - Assignment ExampleAccording to the analysis made, the LCC project proves more viable considering its profitability index, which improves on the convey of the net present entertain and the payback period. Under this project, the confederation waits for less than two years for the motorcar to start gathering revenue while the HCC machine takes up to three years. Considering possibilities of risk, the HCC machine takes even longer yet the LCC machine still maintains the payback period frame. It is recommendable for the company to invest in the LCC project machine.establish on the Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, Profitability Index and the Pay Back conclusion of the two projects considered separately, the project that utilizes the LCC machine is more appropriate. The measure above aim at evaluating the aspects that relate to time value for money (Steve, Jenkins and Sawyers, 2008). Considering the concomitant that it has a more positive NPV and it has a shorter Pay Back Period makes it a more worth project compared to the one that uses the HCC.The difference in spirit spans of the project makes machine HCC look more appropriate but the fact that the machine is so expensive and yet the impact it has on the revenue is meager makes it an expensive machine for the company to aim for. Considering that, inflation is part of the value for money makes the machine attractive since the more the company uses it the more it earns back.Recommendation best for the company in relation to the table is for them to buy the LCC machine. The LCC machine has the company recover its money back in less than two years while the HCC gives the company 3 years for it to recover their money back. Once the life span of the LCC machine is used up, the salvage value is still attractive enough to help the company purchase another machine and proceed with the project. Considering aspects of recreate and the loan used

Symbolic interaction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Symbolic interaction - Essay ExampleOne should sentry carefully and correlate it with the findings of earlier studies. Then itll be possible to reach in new conclusions. For reaching the next stage the same exercise is to be repeated. In short, both reading and observation are inevitable in understanding school principal. Discussions and meetings with experts in this field too will be of very coarse help as its common to all other studies.Ive tried to explain much of my ideas on mind in the work Mind, Self and Society. It may be helpful to get a basic idea about the role of mind in human life. In my view, an individual starts his understanding of the indian lodge of which hes a part, through play and game. As far as a child is concerned everything it sees and experiences in the world from the time of birth in advance is new and afresh. When we think of a childs stages of development, first and foremost is nothing barely play. In a way, in almost all plays the child is nerve-r acking is to imitate the adults in the society. For example, when it plays Cops and Robbers the child takes the role of both policeman and robber alternatively. Through this it understands the role of both cops and robbers in society. This in turn helps it to understand essentially that man will have to play different roles in life. The child also understands the reason for different persons doing different jobs. Game helps child entirely in a different way. Game is more connect with the generalized other concept. The generalized other concept tells of the character formation of a child when it dust part of a group. The group explained here may be anything like a football team, family, class or a meeting hall. These are real social settings from where the child both knowingly and unknowingly feels that its extended to behave in a particular way by others in the society. The child learns what others expect from it. While playing a game all players have to perform following the r ules strictly. No point in explaining the importance of rules of a game to braggy ups. But for a child, its new information and an important step for joining the society. Later it finds that like the rules of games in the court, there are socially accepted ways in behaving in different situations. Here, I should say something of the I and me concepts. The I stands for ones own very personal views and concepts. It creates ones individuality. Thus its important. At the same time me is related to the generalized other concept. Me is actually the understanding of the generalized other concept. Now, let me come to my views on the relationship between an individuals mind and social contacts. Its to be famous that an individual is the product of society. And the development of ones self depends on his social contacts. So for remaining as the member of society, what an individual should do is get involved late in different positions in it. Through this exercise one would catch the persp ective of other persons and itll make the individual self-conscious. In short, my concept is that individual mind can exist only with the happy co-existence and sharing of other minds. It should be noted that this concept remains to be the backbone of the theory of symbolic interaction. Of course, so many other thinkers had made enough value additions and further findings on this concept. Still this is a topic which is being studied and being revised accordingly, but only in tune with the basic concept. Highlights of

How the Term Atheist Is Being Used in a Contemporary Media Article Essay

How the Term Atheist Is Being Used in a Contemporary Media Article - Essay eventBut, they do have a belief that there is an public of god but the activities of god in operating the world dynamics are negligible. The theory of negative atheism is a midpoint between the two poles of pure atheism and anti-atheism. However, the overall concept of Atheism is based upon the belief on the existence of god rather than having the knowledge and prove of the existence of god. This knowledge-based concept is also called as agnosticism. Brief History The historical evidences of atheism are not fix until the seventeenth century. However, the French Enlightenment of sixteenth century may have some clues associated with the beginning of the concept of Atheism, but in essence the true evidence of Atheism are indicated by the historians in the mid of seventeenth century. Some historians argue that the modern day concept of atheism is the one which is narrow in its meanings. This narrow meaning of atheism (i.e. non-existence of god) established in seventeenth century, but prior to it, the more general and broader meanings of atheism did exist. Due to lack of appropriate synonyms, the script atheism was kept being used in its broader meanings such(prenominal) that the concept of non-existence of god was ignored in its usage. ... An article written by Marybeth Hicks in working capital Times published on June 5, 2012 also places an emphasis on this increasing trend. The author is a strong supporter for promoting freedom for religion in American society which is effectively on a declining trend as per authors point of views. The major concern to the author is that American society in particular the young geneproportionn is being moved away from the religion by strong atheist lobbies. America came into being with the intent to flourish and develop such a society where everyone would be allowed to practice the religion with absolute freedom. But in the recent times, the atheist groups have conducted a massive activity to set out America free of religion rather than free for religion. In this way, the increasing activities of atheist groups have effectively made it extremely difficult for the quite a little not only to practice their religions but also to have their say on spiritual beliefs. The empirical research of the author shows that young generation is changing their religious beliefs to atheism with a brisk pace such that around 30 to 40 percent of youth is converting as compared to a generation agone when this percentage was merely 5 to 10 percent. This is something very dangerous to those who believe in religious freedom because there is huge amount of concerns that once the ratio of atheists starts to increase more, there is a likelihood that they will gain more power and thus effectively cause abstinence to practice religions. For this, the author has asked the supporters of religious freedom to join hand and take out the rallies for preserv ation and protection of religious freedom across the country in

Business Law and Ethics Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Law and Ethics Final - Essay ExampleTreating workers fairly and equally is important. Making them feel that they atomic number 18 fairly treated is even much vital. Perhaps, the emancipation for employees, and by extension, for Americans is the greatest contributing force towards the continued countrys prosperity and development. Indeed, our very debut can be traced back on the yearning of equality and liberty. As the economy continues to soar, the labor force and working patterns are also constantly changing. Besides, more enterprises are becoming multinational, and, as a result, more Americans are working abroad. In the light of this, the discussion in this paper explores more on the principles of freedom and equality.As a prelude to the understanding on how the principles of freedom and equality have been applied in American companies in overseas, it is critical to define or so of the major terms that constantly feature in the paper. By definition, the term freedom refers to the power to think or act without restraint or tab (Pollock, 2003). It stems from the word free, which means not been under the control of anyone or been able to act as one wish. However, one peculiar definition of this term is that freedom is never free. Basically, this means that freedom comes at a cost. For instance, in colonial days, people fought for freedom. On the other hand, equality ensures that individuals (workers) are treated fairly without any discrimination on the basis of sex, race, gender, religion, age, or disability. Harassment, victimization, and bullying are considered as diversity and equality issues (Callinicos, 2000).Freedom is the foundation of our society. In the workplace, giving workers the chance to persona their objectives can be a solid move towards attracting and retaining top talents. Managers should value employees freedom and flexibility in the workplace. Freedom in the

Contract Renewal and Non-Renewal Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Contract Renewal and Non-Renewal - Case Study ExampleIn this case, the drumhead is equally responsible for doing his job that includes making a review on the success of the three contacts in place and come up with necessary recommendations. In reviewing domain 1, there is active and successful student participation and thus no reason for nonrenewal. However, the lack of evidence of improvement challenges the expectation for better performance. Since respectable violations and incompetence comes before the poor performance in deciding whether to renew a contract under TEA, I will recommend the board to voter turnout on this contract to decide whether to renew it or not for the next school year. In reviewing domain 2, there is the adequate delivery of instruction as recommended by the TEA and subsequent level of improvement is present. I will, therefore, recommend for the renewal of this contract for the next school year with a hope that much improvement will follow. In reviewing d omain 3, I find that adequate competence is in place as shown in professional development that results in moderate improvement. As a result, I would recommend for the renewal of the contract for the next school year as their no reason for nonrenewal. Indeed, domain 3 satisfies the terms and expectations of the TEA.

Client entity letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Client entity letter - Essay ExampleTo start with, a solo-proprietorship will require a small capital, few legal exigency if whatsoever and less demand in management. Conversely, the returns may non be much as compared to other entities. A partnership requires a group of people, who came together, pool their resources and copy a common goal. The risk of business failure or losses is spread to a number of individuals hence proving more important that sole-proprietorship. The only requirement is the partnership deed required by the law.A third distinction occurs on liability issue. A sole-proprietorship and partnership are liable for losses that aptitude occur in business. A creditor would claim their dues to be paid if such business collapses. For a limited company, limited liability partnership and corporations, the case is different. The claims would not fall under the owner of the business rather the business itself. However, this should not result from malpractice or professi onal negligence. These entities are recognized by law and encounter legal status.Finally, any form of limited entity be it a partnership, limited liability company, public company have access to better funding. The rate of returns is as promising compared to unlimited form of

Effects of Platelet-rich Plasma Injections Thesis

Effects of Platelet-rich Plasma Injections - Thesis ExampleHistory of InjuryMost of the patients had missed at least integrity granular or practice within the last year due to an elbow injury (93.8%) with only one individual making all their games and practices (Table 2). In humanitarian the majority of patients report diagnosis of a UCL injury, although four (25%) had been given no diagnosis. The diagnoses included tear to the UCL (83.3%), partial UCL tear (8.3%), stress fracture (8.3%) and torn flexor cristaldon (25%). Many individuals were diagnosed with multiple types of injuries hence the percentages indicate what percentage of diagnosed patients had a particular type of injury. Treatments that had been taken for the injury varied across rest, therapy, steroid injection, PRP or surgery. All patients had been given PRP injections, as this was a criterion for inclusion in the study. In addition, each patient had used at least one opposite method, with one patient using all fi ve types, and eight patients (50%) using all but steroid injection as a method of treatment. symmetry and therapy were the most popular treatments aside from PRP, with 14 patients (87.5%) using rest as a method of treatment, and 15 (93.7%) reporting use of therapy. Surgery was also popular, with ten patients (62.5%) reporting using surgery as a treatment for their UCL injury. Most patients had a single PRP injection, with only one patient having two and one having three. measure from the PRP injection to first picking up a baseball to throw ranged from two weeks to 16, with an number of 7.3 weeks. Patients were asked to give level of pain on a scurf of 0-10 both before the PRP injection and the first time they picked up the baseball to pitch following the injection. The average score before the injection was 3.6, while later on it was 6.6. A total of 11 patients (68.8%) reported decrease in pain between before the PRP injection, and the first time they picked up the ball afterw ards, four (25%) reported an increase in pain, while one did not give a pain level for after PRP injection. The result for the individual that did not give a pain level can be disregarded for this calculation, making the total likeness of patients that reported a decrease in pain to be 73.3%, and the proportion that reported an increase in pain to be 26.7%. There was some correlation between level of pain and weeks recovery time, but not in all cases (Figure 1). Figure 1 This graph shows the level of reported pain per patient compared with the number of weeks of recovery before they picked up the ball to pitch. Reported complications were comparatively low, with only three patients (18.8%) reporting a long term increase in pain following the treatment, one (6.25%) reporting tingling or numbness, one (6.25%) reporting increased pressure and tightness, and four (25%) reporting decreased mobility in their elbow. Satisfaction with the PRP treatment was given on a scale of 0 to ten, wit h an average of 6.8. However, the average does not give the true picture, as responses were dichotomous, with most patients being either highly happy

Food laws Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Food laws - Essay ExampleBeing a worker in the solid food service department I have the obligation to determine that the menus prepargond to suit the needs of the patients. This is because it would be an offense for the hospital to compel the patients to eat foods that are not in line with their sustenanceary laws. In the contemporary society, the aspect of diversity care is of great significance within the health sector. Diversity management seeks to satisfy the needs of different people irrespective of their differences. It requires that all citizens be treated with respect despite their differences in terms of religion, color, race, beliefs or even animal(prenominal) abilities. Since our hospital pays attention diversity management strategies, it is crucial to consider the diet preferences of our clients(Curtis, 2013). Secondly, since a hospital is a business just like any other, agreeable the customers is a matter of priority. Customers prefer to acquire services from busine sses that satisfy their needs efficiently. On this note, it is crucial for our organization to design menus that satisfy the needs of the people to ensure that the Kosher and Halal laws are respected especially during relevant holidays. Satisfying the needs of these laws is a complex process due to the great variation of the diet requirements. The food director is also concerned with the economic aspect of satisfying the needs of the patients. Often, it is possible that introducing new meals other than the regular meals will add speak to to the meals.

Summary (Information Security Management ) Essay

Summary (Information Security Management ) - Essay ExampleTo address those risks that are supposed to be unacceptable ISO/IEC 27001 suggests modeling and application of rational and comprehensive suite of information security controls. Comparatively, NSIT lays out on security management by identifying 17 controls organized into three categories The Management Control section addresses security topics that can be characterized as managerial. The Operational Control section addresses security controls focusing on steps that are, broadly speaking, implemented and executed by people (as opposed to systems). The Technical Control section implicates on security controls that the computer system executes. of import advantage of NSIT document is network-based IDSs, which are usually passive devices that do not interfere with the normal operation of a network, are very secure against flack and even made invisible to many attackers. A major weakness here is, Network-based IDSs may have diff iculty processing all packets in a large or busy network therefore, may fail to recognize an attack launched during periods of high traffic. The scope of NSIT is limited as it lacks, especially in the sports stadium of time defined as heavy traffic.

Identify one major political event in an African country Essay - 1

Identify one(a) major policy-making event in an African country - endeavor ExampleThe main objective of the paper includes making the exploration of the actual political scenario of the Libyan politics, which had experienced a significant blow during the last some years in the name of so-called awakening of the Arab nations for introducing imperative alterations to the Afro-Arab politics to a great extent. The paper will also examine the reasons behind the unhoped revolt against the Qaddafi regime. The paper is also interested in investigating into the external factors, including the US power, in respect of toppling the Qaddafi regime for the establishment of a pro-American political system in the lines adopted by the European powers of colonial era for turning the weak and backward states to be their subjugated domains in order to advance and enforce the policies of their choice as well as to force the small countries for developing social, economic, business and trade relati ons with the USA. Hence, the paper will portray a comprehensive scenario paving the way towards 2011 revolt in Libya in the light of internal and external factors controlling and regulating the rebellion and rebels at large.Muammar Qaddafi served as one of the most dominant and influential figures of the twentieth century Afro-Arabian political world, which left indelible impact of his political and strategic achievements in the entire region during the plump for half of the last century till the first decades of new century. By dint of his exceptional intellect, deep foresight and outstanding wisdom, he successfully played the role of a central figure in the national politics of Libya for over four decades, where he was the sole decision-maker of the fate of his country and its masses at large. Though, apparently, he was considered to be unconquered and supreme in national politics, who would sustain power till the last day of his life, Qaddafi became the victim of purported Arab Spring appeared by the mid of declination 2010 with the big powers in

European exploration and overseas expansion Essay

European exploration and overseas expansion - Essay ExampleFirstly, the Europeans had craving for riches and power. At the onset of exploration, many of these countries were weak economically, due to wars. Those in authority felt there were vast opportunities for wealth generation in the reinvigorated World (Streich 1). This prompted the leaders to fund exploration in search of gold, spices, and other trade goods to sustain their ailing economy (Streich 1). This led to scramble for colonies, and they sent the wealth back to their countries. Secondly, there was religious interest. European had desire to spread Christianity to people through forbidden the world to counter the influence of Muslims. They likewise wanted to wipe the Muslims out of their territories. Thirdly, there was an improvement in the technology. The Europeans developed sailing ships with better navigation equipments (Streich 1). This made them able to move to various parts of the world. There was also disciplin e of more accurate maps. (Streich 1). The Europeans expansion and exploration had a profound effect to those involved. The effects were immediate and long term. In the short term, the Portuguese built traffic sites in West Africa, and some of them made Africa their home (McCannon 250-256). Secondly, there was a discovery of the new sea routes. In the long term, the Europeans competed to establish colonies. Secondly, there was also the expansion of wealth and power. Thirdly, there was the rise of the Transatlantic Trade that involved Europe, Africa, and America (McCannon 253).

Personal Values Development Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Personal Values Development Paper - Essay ExampleValues may differ between individuals and economic values emerge because we argon not satisfied with something at some point in life. Values affect decisions and actions in our life. It is important to understand them and ensure that our behavior is in spot with the values that we have. The first institution that we inculcate value from is the family. I grew up in a big family including grandparents and this instilled in me the importance of a family in the ontogenesis of an individual. I learnt to value human beings above things I learnt to value relationships above everything else. Values have immense power to energize everything concerned with it (Gurunet, n.d.) and applying values releases sportsmanlike energies.Through a family we learn to share the joys and sorrows we learn what it means to have someone by your side. Family value to me is way above the conservative ideology where worship is the source of morality and nuclear f amily is the essential (Wikipedia). It is even above the liberals view of affordable child care and family planning. To me a family is the first priority and the family teaches us the value of sacrifice, the importance of sharing, the joy of receiving and the pleasure in giving. A family teaches us to live in harmony harmony not just with others but harmony at heart our own self. We learn to live in peace with our self. The human mind is a bundle of thoughts and emotions and constantly reeling under an agony of indecision. The family teaches us to live in harmony with our own self. We learn to respect each other we understand that even a small child of 3-4 years needs to be consider and should be respected.As I grew up and went to school, I interacted with children from different walks of life and strata of society. I realized people do not always say what they mean. They practically want to hide something, or many times to save themselves or others. I contemplated and realized that if one has to lie in order to save

An Evaluation of Project Quality Controls of the Oil and Gas Industry Dissertation

An Evaluation of Project whole tone Controls of the Oil and Gas Industry Projects in the United Arab Emirates - dissertation Examplebu Dhabi Polymers Company Ltd (Borouge), the Abu Dhabi Oil Refining Company (TAKREER) and the Abu Dhabi Gas Company (ATHEER). Q3 How does it feel to be leading one of the biggest oil and gas extractive empire of the creative activity? Ans Its quite a responsibility and its a pressure too to meet the world(prenominal) stock to maintain the stature and credibleness of the company. We are too confronting issues about the increasing number of disciplinal remedies that we need to undertake to ease and strengthen out our operation. Q4 For you, what is the meaning of flavor chair? For me, qualitycontrolis achieving the standard level of product and services following specific requirements on dependability, satisfaction, and reliability and fiscal rate. It is concern about quality assurance and the standard limit employed to a product or service. Our qu alitycontrolteam works to assess problem to fix problems and to review mechanisms through coordinate inspections. We assess to comply with quality standards pursue corrective actions Control is done to mitigate risks and to attune our company to international standard. Q5. What process are you undergoing in managing control quality? Ans The Company does quality control to develop trustworthiness and to learn from our experiences. We development quality control by (1) engaging stakeholders in only control and monitoring applications (2) increasing preference for public and private companies to be socially accountable, and (3) utilizing the essence of science as capital. Following these developments, it is also widely declare changes of standards on heterogeneous skills, knowledge, systems, behaviors and reflexivity, new standard for quality control and monitoring emerged as post-modern frameworks. Q6 What are the international standards that you are using? Ans ADNOC submit for int ernational valuation of its operation and management. The oil and gas industry has a standard quality and environmental monitoring systems (ISO 14000) and ISO 9000 compliant software to improve Manual Quality Management System Processes. ISO 14000 helped organizations improved environmental performance to increase prevention of pollution. Part of the effort to reduce the emission of pollution is by upholding ISO 9000 quality standards.We also follow on acceptable risk management model and Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX). ISO 9001 certification is awarded if the following requirements are reached maintaining of standard procedures of all key processes in the task monitoring all processes to validate its effectiveness documentation and keeping of all records checking product output defects as well as the use of appropriate corrective actions when necessary regular review of each processes and the effectiveness of quality system and facilitate continuing improvement. ISO 14000 on the other h and, regulate the environmental management in productions operations as well as in its product quality standards. In this standard, companies are mandated of the following

Agriculture of Pakistan Essay Example for Free

Agriculture of Pakistan EssayAgriculture is a vital celestial sphere of Pakistans economy and accounted for 25. 9 percent of GDP in 1999-2000, according to presidency estimates. The sector directly supports three-quarters of the countrys population, employs half the labor force , and contributes a large share of foreign exchange earnings. The main rude products are like, wheat, sift, sugarcane, fruits, and vegetables, in addition to milk, beef, mutton, and eggs. Pakistan depends on one of the worlds largest irrigation systems to support product. There are 2 principal seasons. Cotton, rice, and sugarcane are produced during the kharif season, which lasts from May to November. Wheat is the major rabi crop, which extends from November to April. The key to a much-needed improvement of productiveness lies in a more efficient use of resources, principally land and water. However, change is dependent on the large landowners who own 40 percent of the cultivatable land and control most of the irrigation system, which makes widespread reform difficult. Assessments by independent agencies, including the World Bank, show these large landholdings to be very unproductive.Pakistan is a net importer of agricultural commodities. Annual imports score about US$2 billion and entangle wheat, edible oils, pulses, and consumer foods. Pakistan is one of the worlds largest producers of raw cotton. The size of the annual cotton cropthe deal of it grown in Punjab provinceis a crucial barometer of the health of the overall economy, as it determines the availability and cost of the main raw material for the yarn-spinning industry, much of which is concentrated around the southern port city of Karachi. Official estimates put the 1999-2000 draw at some 11.2 gazillion 170-kilogram bales, compared with the 1998-99 outturn of 8. 8 million bales and the record 12. 8 million bales achieved in 1991-92. The government recently actively intervened in the marketplace to boost prices and to encourage production. A major problem is that the cotton crop is highly susceptible to adverse weather and pest damage, which is reflected in crop figures. After peaking at 2. 18 million tons in 1991-92, the lint harvest has since fluctuated considerably, ranging from a low of 1. 37 million tons in 1993-94 to a high of 1.9 million tons in 1999-2000. The 2000-01 wheat crop was prognosis at a record 19. 3 million tons, compared to 17. 8 million tons produced during the previous year. This increase is due largely to favorable weather and a 25-percent increase in the procurement price to about US$135 per ton. About 85 percent of the crop is irrigated. Despite the record production, Pakistan will cut across to be a major wheat importer. The government has imported an average of US$2. 4 million annually over the past 5 years. The fall in States and Australia are the major suppliers.Demand for wheat is increasing from Pakistans rapidly growing population as well as from cross-bor der trade with Afghanistan. Pakistan is a major rice exporter and annually exports about 2 million tons, or about 10 percent of world trade. About 25 percent of exports is Pakistans famous fragrant Basmati rice. strain is Pakistans second leading source of export earnings. Private traders handle all exports. Pakistans main competitors in rice trade are Thailand, Vietnam, and India. Tobacco is grown principally in the North-West Frontier Province and Punjab and is an important cash crop .Yields in Pakistan are about twice those for neighboring countries largely due to the telephone extension services provided by the industry. Quality, however, is improving only slowly due to problems related to climate and soil. Farmers have started inter-cropping tobacco plant with vegetables and sugarcane to increase returns. About half of the total production is used for cigarette manufacturing and the remainder used in traditional ways of smoking (in hand-rolled cigarettes called birris, in w ater pipes, and as snuff). The share of imported tobacco is increasing gradually in response to an increased solicit for high- musical note cigarettes.Minor crops account for only 5 percent of total cultivated area these include oilseeds (sunflower, soybean), chilies, potatoes, and onions. Domestic oilseed production accounts only for about 25 percent of Pakistan total edible oil needs. As a result, Pakistan spends more than US$1 billion annually in scarce foreign exchange to import edible oils, while its oilseed processing industry operates at less than 25 percent of capacity due to an inadequate supply of oilseeds. For 2000-01 total oilseed production was forecast to decrease 10 percent to 3. 6 million tons.The government has highlighted development of the oilseed sector as a priority. Pakistans fishing industry is relatively modest, but has shown strong growth in recent years. The domestic market is quite small, with per capita annual consumption of approximately 2 kilograms. Ab out 80 percent of production comes from marine fisheries from 2 main areas, the Sindh coast east from Karachi to the Indian border, and the Makran coast of Baluchistan. Ninety percent of the total marine catch is fish the shrimp which constitute the remainder are prized because of their greater relative value and demand in foreign markets.During 1999-00, total fish production was 620,000 tons, of which 440,000 tons consisted of sea fish and the remainder were fresh-water species. About one-third of the catch is consumed fresh, 9 percent is frozen, 8 percent canned, and about 43 percent used as fish meal for animal food. Livestock accounts for 40 percent of the agricultural sector and 9 percent of the total GDP. Principal products are milk, beef, mutton, poultry, and wool. During 1999, the livestock population increased to 120 million head. That same year Pakistan generated 970,000 tons of beef, 640,000 tons of mutton, and 190,000 tons of poultry.In an effort to enhance milk and meat production, the government recently launched a comprehensive livestock development project with Asian Development Bank assistance. domestic fowl production provides an increasingly popular low-cost source of protein. Modern poultry production is constrained by high mortality, high incidence of disease, poor quality chicks, and poor quality feed, combined with an inadequate marketing system. Frozen poultry have only recently been introduced. Forests cover an area of 4. 2 million hectares or about 5 percent of the total area of Pakistan.The principal forest products are timber, principally for house construction, furniture, and firewood. Many of the countrys wooded areas are severely miserable as a result of over-exploitation. The government has restricted cutting to protect remaining resourcesthough corruption often jeopardizes environmental effortsand has lowered duties to encourage imports. Forestry production has since declined from 1. 07 million cubic meters in 1990-91 to 475,0 00 cubic meters in 1998-99. Pakistan imports an estimated US$150 million of wood products annually to meet the requirements of a growing population and emanation demand by a wealthy elite.